Importance of Industrial Waste Water Treatment Plant

by Engr. Kh. Mashiur Rahman | Sep 29, 2016 | ETP WTP

Industrial Waste Water Treatment Plant

Water is the most important element of the nature for every living creature. Without industrial waste water treatment plant we cannot live a single day. Three-forth of this earth is filled up with water. But, now a day this most essential element is contaminating in every moment. It’s very alarming news for us. The contaminated water also polluting the soil & air. In this way, it unstable the whole ecological system. If it cannot be prevented in time, then it will destroy human, animal, plants even the small bacteria. And the earth will destroy in very quick time. So we should be very careful right now.

What is waste water?

Waste water is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It comprises liquid waste discharged by domestic residence, commercial properties, industry and agriculture a wide range of potential containments and concentration.

Where it came from?

We, only the people are responsible for the water pollution. Every moment we are polluting the water cautiously or un-cautiously. From our home to our factory, every where we are using plenty of water. After usage, the water is going into the river, land and inside the soil. All the water is not polluted. Waste water or sewage can come from:

• Human waste, known as black water.
• Septic tank discharge.
• Sewage treatment plant.
• Washing water, known as grey water.
• Industrial site drainage.
• Industrial cooling water.
• Industrial process water.
• Organic or biodegradable waste water from ceramics and ice cream factory.
• Organic or non biodegradable waste from pharmaceuticals or pesticide factory.
• Extreme pH from acid, alkali manufacturing.
•  Solid and emulsion from paper, oil manufacturing.

Waste water constitute

The composition of waste water varies widely. This is the partial list of what it may contain:

• Water (95%) which is often used to carry waste through drain.
• Pathogens, such as bacteria, virus and parasitic worms.
• Organic particles such as feces, hair, food, paper, fiber etc.
• Soluble organic materials such as Urea, proteins, drugs, pharmaceuticals etc.
• Soluble in organic materials such as ammonia, G.salt, sea-salt, cyanides, thiosulfates etc.
• In organic materials like sand, grit, metal etc.
• Hydrogen (H₂), sulphide (SO₂), methane (CH₄) and carbon-di-oxide (CO₂).
• Emulsion like paints, adhesives, colors, emulsifier etc.
• Toxin such as pesticides, poisons, herbicides etc.

All these materials are very much deleterious for environment and human life.

How waste affect the water

We know water containing only Hydrogen (H₂) and Oxygen (O₂). Oxygen(O₂)is very essential for any living creature. For existence of aquatic life in water, the dissolve oxygen (DO) should not be less then 5 ppm. But in our country, most of the river water losing it very quickly. Any oxidizable mater present in the natural water or in an industrial water will be oxidized by biochemical or chemical processes. The result is that the Oxygen (O₂) content of the water will be decreased. Since all natural water contains bacteria and nutrients, almost  any waste compounds introduced into such waterways will initiate the biochemical reaction. Biological oxygen demands (BOD) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) are most important criteria of the water.  But as a result of these reactions both BOD and COD are decreasing in an alarming rate. The color permissible limit in water for domestic use is only 20 ppm. But in most of our river and canal already have 150 ppm. So this water is for no use. Waste water also increasing the temperature of the water. This is responsible for global warming. The solid materials are very poisonous to our lands. It decreases lands food productivity. This water also increases the pH of normal water. The gases from the waste water like carbon-di-oxide (CO₂), hydrogen sulphide ( H₂S), methane (CH₃) are very harmful for environment.CO₂ is responsible for green house affect. Excessive nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen can be harmful to aquatic life. Chlorine and inorganic chloramines can be toxic to algae and fish. Metals like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium,  arsenic can have acute and chronic toxic effect on species..

Effect of industrial waste water treatment plant

Sewage may drain directly into major watersheds (like river, canal, ponds etc) with minimal or no treatment. When untreated, sewage can have serious impact on the quality of the environments and on the health of the people. In many part of the world, including United States health problems and disease have often been caused by the discharging untreated water. Such water is responsible for spreading of disease, fish kills and destruction of other forms aquatic life.  The industrial waste water treatment plant has a serious impact on all  living creature and can negatively affect the use of water for drinking, household needs, recreation, fishing, transportation and commerce. This water is using in our lands. It causes the decrease in food productivity of the land. Pathogens can cause a verity of illness. Some chemical pose risks even at very low concentration and can remain a threat for long period of time because of bioaccumulation in animal or human tissue. Waste water from fertilizer plant contains nitrogen oxides (NO_x), carbon-di-oxide(CO₂)_.This is responsible for liver and kidney damage. At last we can say waste water can be a life destroying cause for living creature and also for our environment.

Waste Water Characteristics and target parametres

Effluent characteristics                                       Target

pH                   :           8.0 to 9.0                                                         7.0 to 7.5

DO mg/L         :           0                                                                      4.5 to 8.0

BOD mg/L      :           300 to 500                                                       < 30

COD mg/L      :           900 to 1700                                                     < 200

TDS mg/L       :           200 to 1000                                                     < 2100

TSS mg/L        :           Not Specified                                                  < 30

Temperature    :           Not Specified                                                  < 37 °C

Discharge Norms

DoE norms,                                                    BSR Guidelines

pH                   :           6.0 to 9.0                                                         6.0 to 9.0

DO mg/L         :           4.5 to 8.0                                                         not specified

BOD mg/L      :           ≤ 50                                                                 ≤ 30

COD mg/L      :           ≤ 200                                                               ≤ 200

TDS mg/L       :           ≤ 2100                                                             not specified

TSS mg/L        :           Not Specified                                                  ≤ 30

Temperature    :           Not Specified                                                  ≤ 37 °C

Industrial Waste Water Treatment Plant

The most effective solution of this problem is to use effluent treatment plant (ETP) in each individual factory. Water treatment describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for desired end use. These can include as drinking water, industrial process, medical and many more uses. 70% of Israel’s irrigated agriculture is based on waste water treatment. The goal of water treatment plant is to existing contaminants in the water or reduces the concentration of those contaminants. So the water becomes fit for use. One such use water is returning that has been used back into the natural environment without adverse ecological impact.  ETP is essential to save our lives and also the environment. For the future generation to be safe and secure, we should keep the water safe. Use of ETP will save a huge amount of water and as well as money too.

From the above discussion we can say, to save our world form undesired destruction we should keep the water safe and secure. And for that we must use the ETP in every individual factory. Or otherwise, one day there will be plenty of water around us, but not a single drop to use without an industrial waste water treatment plant