What is Abrasion and Pilling Tester and Methods?
Abrasion and Pilling Tester
Abrasion and Pilling tester machine is used to determine the resistance of the textiles fabric after rubbing against a standard abradant (a special woven worsted fabric) that is assessed by visual comparison after predetermined no. of cycles.
- Machine name: Abrasion and Pilling tester.
- Model number: Nu-Martindale 404
- Machine origin: England
- Brand name: James H. Heal & Co. Ltd
- Test Name : Random Pilling
Apparatus
- Random Pilling Tester .
- Cork cylinder Liner about 146mm wide by 452mm long cut from 1.5mm thick flat surface .
- Air Injection Device to give 14-21 kpa (2-3psi)air pressure in each chamber
- Adhesive White all Purpose for sealing edges specimen
- Vacuum cleaner
- Cotton Sliver 4301tex fine American
- A set of five photographs, 105-mm square (4.13 in.), numbered 1 to 5 illustrating varying degrees of pilling from “very severe pilling” to “no pilling” such as Adjunct The photos should have a dull matte finish and Be of the same size as the tested specimen.
Pre-Treatment
Samples may be washed or dry cleaned before cutting the test
specimens, using conditions appropriate for the fabric end use
or conditions agreed upon by all interested parties.
No of Specimen/Specimen Size
Sample = 4 Pcs (105mm×105mm) 45° Diagonally
Testing Procedure
- Seal the edges of all specimens to a width not exceeding 3 mm (.13 in.) on the face of the fabric with adhesive. Hang the specimens on racks until dry, and in any case for at least 2 h
- After every hour of machine running time, remove theliner and clean the impeller by wiping with a cloth wetted in a solution of detergent and water. Allow the chamber to
dry
Evaluation
Turn on the light of the viewing cabinet , Place the tested specimen and Original(Left Tested & Right Original) one onto the viewing cabinet ,
Using the viewing apparatus and option selected from and either
suitable fabric or photographic standards subjectively rate
the appearance of the face (as indicated by the markings and after the respective tumbling times)
of each specimen, using the following scale
5—no pilling
4—slight pilling
3—moderate pilling
2—severe pilling
1—very severe pilling
Average the ratings for the three specimens from each laboratory
sampling unit and the average for the lot.Check the pilled
specimens for non uniformity of pilling
Reporting
- Number Of Complete Washing & Drying Cycle ,
- Number Of Revolution
- Average Grade Numerical
- Detail of Any Deviation
Test Name : Martindale Pilling
Scope
To determine of the resistance to pilling and surface change of textile fabric using a modified Martindale Method.
Apparatus
Martindale Abrasion Tester.
Specimen Holder Guide Plate/ Plastic Ring.
Pilling Specimen Mounting Weight
Auxiliary device for Specimen Mounting
Viewing Cabinet
Loading Pieces
Pre Treatment
Unless Otherwise agreed Launder or Dry-clean The Sample Using a Method agreed between the interested parties.
Specimen Size
Sample = 3 Pair’s of 140±mm diameter Alternative size 150cm²
Felt = 90 ±1mm diameter for Top
Felt = 140 ±1mm diameter for Top
Washing and Drying Procedure :
As Agreed between the interested parties
Testing Procedure
Clean The Martindale abrasion tester fit one specimen onto the mounting table with one felt of 140±1mm diameter beneath the specimen. and other specimen of set mount on top specimen holder with 90±1mm diameter felt .and set the desired revolution Start the machine .
Evaluation
Turn on the light of the viewing cabinet, Place the tested specimen and Original (Left Tested & Right Original) one onto the viewing cabinet, Viewing distance may be 30cm-50cm . Grade each specimen according to Table 1, Half grade may be given, More than 1 observer grade each specimen and average them.
Reporting
Washing And Drying Procedure,
Number Of Complete Washing & Drying Cycle,
Number Of Revolution
Average Grade Numerical
Detail of Any Deviation
Test Name : ICI PILLING TEST
Scope
To determine of the resistance to pilling and surface change of textile fabric.
Apparatus
Polyurethane Tube : Length = 140mm± 1mm Outside Diameter = 31.5 ± 1mm Wall Thickness = 3.2 ±0.5mm,Weight = 52.25.± 1mm
Mounting Zig.
Self Adhesive Polyvinyl Chloride Tape(PVC) 19mm Wide
Sewing Machine
Viewing Cabinet
ICI Pilling Tester
Pre Treatment
Unless Otherwise agreed Launder or Dry-clean The Sample Using a Method agreed between the interested parties.
Condition
16 Hrs (Temperature 20°C ± 2° C, Relative humidity 65% ± 4%
Specimen Size
125×125mm (Length & Width)
Specimen Preparation
Sew The Two Specimen Lengthwise (Face side inside) at the 12 mm From The Edge of Specimen And Two Width Wise Direction. Turn Inside Out and cut 6mm of each end to remove
sewing distortion .Mount 4 specimen with Mounting Zig so that the specimen are an equal distance from the Polyurethane Tube. Apply PVC Tape around the each of the cut end So that The Tape fixes onto the tube and 6 mm leave from the end of tube.
Testing Procedure
Clean The Box with Vacuum Cleaner , Insert four specimen mounted tube into the box , Set the desired revolution and run the machine
Evaluation
Turn on the light of the viewing cabinet, Place the tested specimen and Original (Left Tested & Right Original) one onto the viewing cabinet , Viewing distance may be 30cm-50cm . Grade each specimen according to Table 1, Half grade may be given, More than 1 observer grade each specimen and average them .
Reporting
Washing And Drying Procedure ,
Number Of Complete Washing & Drying Cycle ,
Number Of Revolution
Average Grade Numerical
Detail of Any Deviation
PILLING RESISTANCE (POLAR FLEECE ONLY)
1 SCOPE:
This In House Test Method describes the method of test in order to determine the resistance of a knitted or woven fabric to pilling or change in surface appearance.
2. PRINCIPLE
The correct number of test specimens are to be prepared and tested as specified within this test method in order to achieve a performance assessment of the product/fabric as described within the scope.
3. EQUIPMENT:
3.1 WASCATOR Washing Machine
3.2 Drying Racks
3.3 Viewing cabinet from which external light is excluded.
4. CONDITIONING
The test specimens are to be conditioned in the standard atmosphere of 65% Relative
Humidity (RH) +/- 2% and 20°C +/- 2°C for a minimum of 16 hours. All tests should also
be carried out in this atmosphere. (after wash/dry process – before grading)
5. HEALTH & SAFETY
Not applicable.
6. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS/MATERIALS
Not applicable.
7. TEST PROCEDURE
7.1 Wash a fabric sample (in accordance with the Care Label instructions), Retain some original fabric for final comparison.
7.2 Dry flat on plastic mesh trays.
8. ASSESSMENT/RESULTS OF TESTED SPECIMENS
8.1 Mount the tested specimen with piece of untested fabric.
8.2 Grade the sample in the viewing cabinet, rate the sample according to the following table of assessment: (Half grades may be given).
Grade Descriptive Method
5 No Visual Change
4 Slight Surface Fuzzing
3 Moderate Surface change/matting or isolated pills
2 Significant surface change and/or matting
1 Distinct surface change and/or matting.
9. REPORTING OF RESULTS
9.1 The washing process
9.2 The average grade from two assessors to the nearest ½ grade.
This is the end report of Abrasion and Pilling Tester
Written By - Jony Ahmed, Lab Technologist, Osaka Japan
