Water is the most important element of the nature for every living creature. Without industrial waste water treatment plant we cannot live a single day. Three-forth of this earth is filled up with water. But, now a day this most essential element is contaminating in every moment. It’s very alarming news for us. The contaminated water also polluting the soil & air. In this way, it unstable the whole ecological system. If it cannot be prevented in time, then it will destroy human, animal, plants even the small bacteria. And the earth will destroy in very quick time. So we should be very careful right now.
What is waste water?
Waste water is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It comprises liquid waste discharged by domestic residence, commercial properties, industry and agriculture a wide range of potential containments and concentration.
Where it came from?
We, only the people are responsible for the water pollution. Every moment we are polluting the water cautiously or un-cautiously. From our home to our factory, every where we are using plenty of water. After usage, the water is going into the river, land and inside the soil. All the water is not polluted. Waste water or sewage can come from:
Human waste, known as black water.
Septic tank discharge.
Sewage treatment plant.
Washing water, known as grey water.
Industrial site drainage.
Industrial cooling water.
Industrial process water.
Organic or biodegradable waste water from ceramics and ice cream factory.
Organic or non biodegradable waste from pharmaceuticals or pesticide factory.
Extreme pH from acid, alkali manufacturing.
Solid and emulsion from paper, oil manufacturing.
Waste water constitute
The composition of waste water varies widely. This is the partial list of what it may contain:
Water (95%) which is often used to carry waste through drain.
Pathogens, such as bacteria, virus and parasitic worms.
Organic particles such as feces, hair, food, paper, fiber etc.
Soluble organic materials such as Urea, proteins, drugs, pharmaceuticals etc.
Soluble in organic materials such as ammonia, G.salt, sea-salt, cyanides, thiosulfates etc.
In organic materials like sand, grit, metal etc.
Hydrogen (H2), sulphide (SO2), methane (CH4) and carbon-di-oxide (CO2).
Emulsion like paints, adhesives, colors, emulsifier etc.
Toxin such as pesticides, poisons, herbicides etc.
All these materials are very much deleterious for environment and human life.
How waste affect the water
We know water containing only Hydrogen (H2) and Oxygen (O2). Oxygen(O2)is very essential for any living creature. For existence of aquatic life in water, the dissolve oxygen (DO) should not be less then 5 ppm. But in our country, most of the river water losing it very quickly. Any oxidizable mater present in the natural water or in an industrial water will be oxidized by biochemical or chemical processes. The result is that the Oxygen (O2) content of the water will be decreased. Since all natural water contains bacteria and nutrients, almost any waste compounds introduced into such waterways will initiate the biochemical reaction. Biological oxygen demands (BOD) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) are most important criteria of the water. But as a result of these reactions both BOD and COD are decreasing in an alarming rate. The color permissible limit in water for domestic use is only 20 ppm. But in most of our river and canal already have 150 ppm. So this water is for no use. Waste water also increasing the temperature of the water. This is responsible for global warming. The solid materials are very poisonous to our lands. It decreases lands food productivity. This water also increases the pH of normal water. The gases from the waste water like carbon-di-oxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide ( H2S), methane (CH3) are very harmful for environment.CO2 is responsible for green house affect. Excessive nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen can be harmful to aquatic life. Chlorine and inorganic chloramines can be toxic to algae and fish. Metals like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic can have acute and chronic toxic effect on species..
Effect of industrial waste water treatment plant
Sewage may drain directly into major watersheds (like river, canal, ponds etc) with minimal or no treatment. When untreated, sewage can have serious impact on the quality of the environments and on the health of the people. In many part of the world, including United States health problems and disease have often been caused by the discharging untreated water. Such water is responsible for spreading of disease, fish kills and destruction of other forms aquatic life. The industrial waste water treatment plant has a serious impact on all living creature and can negatively affect the use of water for drinking, household needs, recreation, fishing, transportation and commerce. This water is using in our lands. It causes the decrease in food productivity of the land. Pathogens can cause a verity of illness. Some chemical pose risks even at very low concentration and can remain a threat for long period of time because of bioaccumulation in animal or human tissue. Waste water from fertilizer plant contains nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon-di-oxide(CO2).This is responsible for liver and kidney damage. At last we can say waste water can be a life destroying cause for living creature and also for our environment.
Waste Water Characteristics and target parametres
Effluent characteristics Target
pH : 8.0 to 9.0 7.0 to 7.5
DO mg/L : 0 4.5 to 8.0
BOD mg/L : 300 to 500 < 30
COD mg/L : 900 to 1700 < 200
TDS mg/L : 200 to 1000 < 2100
TSS mg/L : Not Specified < 30
Temperature : Not Specified < 37 °C
Discharge Norms
DoE norms, BSR Guidelines
pH : 6.0 to 9.0 6.0 to 9.0
DO mg/L : 4.5 to 8.0 not specified
BOD mg/L : ≤ 50 ≤ 30
COD mg/L : ≤ 200 ≤ 200
TDS mg/L : ≤ 2100 not specified
TSS mg/L : Not Specified ≤ 30
Temperature : Not Specified ≤ 37 °C
Industrial Waste Water Treatment Plant
The most effective solution of this problem is to use effluent treatment plant (ETP) in each individual factory. Water treatment describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for desired end use. These can include as drinking water, industrial process, medical and many more uses. 70% of Israel’s irrigated agriculture is based on waste water treatment. The goal of water treatment plant is to existing contaminants in the water or reduces the concentration of those contaminants. So the water becomes fit for use. One such use water is returning that has been used back into the natural environment without adverse ecological impact. ETP is essential to save our lives and also the environment. For the future generation to be safe and secure, we should keep the water safe. Use of ETP will save a huge amount of water and as well as money too.
From the above discussion we can say, to save our world form undesired destruction we should keep the water safe and secure. And for that we must use the ETP in every individual factory. Or otherwise, one day there will be plenty of water around us, but not a single drop to use without an industrial waste water treatment plant
Md. Saiful Islam.Confident Engineering India Private Limited,
678 /1, kurichi village, Madukarai Road, Sidco industrial Estate Post ,Coimbatore – 641021 Tamilnadu, INDIA.
There are many types of ultrafiltration and water treatment plant design industries that use water in production process. At the end of production process water is contaminated and become useless unless it is treated. The contaminated water is called waste water or effluent. The effluent is discharged to the nature by water treatment plant design the effluent should be treated for ecological existence. The effluent water treatment plant design may be chemical or biological. Initial investment of chemical process is low but running cost is more than in the biological treatment process that requires high establishment cost. Treatment procedure is selected considering customer’s affordability and availability of required land.
Sewage Sludge Method:
The activated sewage sludge process, ulta filtration, nanofiltration, sewage sludge, electrocoagulation process are biological technique of wastewater treatment that is accomplished by a variable and mixed community of microorganisms in an aquatic environment. These microorganisms reach energy from carbonaceous organic matter in aerated wastewater for the production of new cells in a process known as synthesis during simultaneously releasing energy through the conversion of this organic matter into compounds that contain lower energy, such as carbon dioxide and water in a process called respiration.
Activated Sludge Process:
The activated sludge process consists by several functions such as solid liquid, sludge thickening, sludge de watering and sludge disposal.
Activated Sludge Process
The following equipments are manufactured by confident engineering for activated sludge process.
Decanter
Sludge Thickener
Filter Press
Hydro Extractor
High Rate Solid Clarifier
Sludge Management
Fluidized bed Reactor:
Fluidized bed bioreactor eliminates hydrocarbons and BOD/COD in contaminated water. Oxygen transfer is used with a large protected biofilm attachment area for achieving high removal rates.
Fluidized Bed Reactor
Fluidized bed reactor is very easy to test influents and adjust biological parameters for maximum efficiency. The features of fluidized bet reactor is given below –
Fluidized bed reactor incorporates neutrally.
Fluidized bed reactor increases the effectiveness of the biological treatment process
Nanofiltration for Salt Recover:
Subsequently there are many raw materials are lost in the waste stream ending up in the environment as pollutants. When the other polluting components are treated with different treatment method mentioned in this article, the salt remains same in the effluent resulting in high TDS.
Nanofiltration
Advantages of Nano Filtration System:
Using nanofiltration and ultrafiltration technique 97% pure NaCl solution is obtained from the waste water.
Hardness less than 8 mg/L using nanofiltration process
Compliance of TDS value of less than 2000 mg/L is achieved as per Pollution control norms
Quicker Repeatability of Dyeing process using nanofiltration process
Improved repeatability of yyeing using filtration,
Electrocoagulation Process:
Electrocoagulation process is the latest technology successfully installed in developing countries. The main advantages of Confident electrocoagulation process are given below. Electrocoagulation process of water treatment is the technique of destabilize.
Electrocoagulation Process
The electrical current provide the electromotive force to drive the chemical reactions and it reactions are driven or forced, the elements.
Ultrafiltration System:
Ultrafiltration is effective reverse osmosis system. Reverse osmosis system is the available option for re cycling and reuse of waste water.
Ultrafiltration
After the fruitful ETP and pretreatments the final outlet water is fed to the Reverse osmosis membrane system which gives the permeate more than 95% salt rejection.
Low cost after applying ultrafilter process
Bacteria removal up to 99.98% using ultrafiltration process.
Waste Disposal Policy of activated sludge process
Agreement to sale scrap–
The agreement to sale will be made with the concerned party in presence and understanding of GM Finance and GM Stores.
The agreement should be of a minimum period of 1 year and allowing reviewing the prices as and when required.
Rates –
These will be decided as per the agreement to sale mentioned above.
GM Finance and GM Stores to ensure than maximum possible items have been covered with rates mentioned under the aforesaid agreement.
Segregation of Scrap –
The decision to dispose of activated sludge process will be taken collectively by CFO, GM Finance, GM Stores and GM Security & GM Admin.
Once the decision to sale / disposal has been taken the scrap collected should be segregate in the presence of the following people :
Representative from Security and Security Chief.
Representative from the Finance Department.
Representative from Maintenance Department.
Representative from Stores Department.
The Segregation of activated sludge will take place so as to ensure that :
activated sludge process which can be reused for some other purpose are taken out and stored (proper place decided by GM Stores)
Value wise – The items with high value to be monitored carefully and discussed whether they can be reused.
Sale / disposal of activated sludge process – The sale of scrap can take place at any time depending on the amount of scrap collected. However, GM Store must ensure that this Sale or disposal of scrap takes place minimum once a month.
The decision on sale or disposal will be made in concurrence with the discussion between GM Finance and GM stores.
During the process of sale / collection of activated sludge . GM Stores and GM Admin to maintain the hygienic conditions of the area where the scrap is stored. They will also ensure that scraps which can hamper the environment viz. Chemical scrap etc. are disposed off with proper care and method.
GM Finance to ensure that proper permissions have been taken from relevant authorities for the sale and disposal of scrap.
Procedures before allowing scrap to go outbound –
The disposal material will not be allowed to go out of the factory gate before the following procedures are done:
The activated sludge has been properly packed and loaded to ensure that it would not offload in transit.
The amount as calculated for Sale of scrap has been paid or agreed to be paid in certain period by the Scrap buyer. Approval of Finance Department required.
GM Stores / Security will issue a Gate pass and allow the vehicle to leave the factory premises only after the approval of Finance Department has been received.
GM Security and GM Admin shall ensure that no other material should be mixed with the scrap being sold. Also, they should be satisfied that only the goods as agreed to be disposed off have been loaded and nothing else.
Documentation –
Records for disposal of scrap to be maintained at least past one year by Finance department and a counter copy to be maintained by Stores.
Records should contain the quantity and rate at which each item was sold // quantity of each item disposed.
Records should contain Full details viz. Name, address etc. of the party by whom the scrap has been disposed off.
Advantages of Ultrafiltration System:
The advantages of Ultrafiltration system is given below-
Permeate water TDS is less than 100 mg/L, Hardness Nil, pH 6-7 in Ultrafiltration system
Online Dosing of Anti calant, anti-oxidant and Acid using ultra technique for ultrafiltration
[1]Md. Saiful Islam.Confident Engineering India Private Limited,
678 /1, kurichi village, Madukarai Road, Sidco industrial Estate Post ,Coimbatore – 641021 Tamilnadu, INDIA.
Email :[email protected]
[2] Engr. Kh. Mashiur Rahman, Garments Auto Machine Technologist, Web: www.autogarment.com, Email: [email protected], Cell# 017 92 52 53 54.]
