Projectile Loom makes weaving patterns for looming in textile industry. The loom follows weaving techniques those use a projectile equipped with a gripper to carrying weft yarn across the shed is called projectile loom. It allows the insertion of practically any yarn such as cotton, wool, polypropylene ribbon, mono and multifilament yarns, jute and linen.
Specifications of Projectile Loom for Looming:
[label type=”label” title=”Specifications Name”]
[label type=”label” title=”Specifications Value”]
Product Category
Weaving
Machine Category
Loom Machine
Product Name
Projectile Loom
Product Model
According to Manufacturer
Product Class
New
Origin
China/India/Others
Brand/Manufacturer
cool loom bands
Agent In Bangladesh
No/Yes
Power
180v
Temperature
Normal
Certification
SGS/Others
Production Capacity
200 Set/Sets per Month
Plain Weave
500-600 weft/min
Interweave
350-400 weft/min
Work Width
2300 (mm)
Into The Latitude Rate
2280 m / min
Speed
500-700RPM
Maximum Speed
280rpm
Weft Insertion
160-180m/min
Noise
68db
Motor Power
1.5 /2.0 Kw
Dimension
4450*2300*3100mm
Weight
3600kg
Description
This machine adopts the automatic adjusting the let off part of the crankshaft for bead loom patterns and cool loom bands
[1]
Features of Projectile Loom for Weaving Techniques:
The features of different looms with weaving techniques is stated here-
Projectile receiving units are different looms from the stirring sley whe the sley carries the reed & gripper guides,
The gripper projectile made with fine steel to help for making nice weaving patterns
For the duration of its flight through the shed of the projectile runs in a rake likes steel guides as a result the warp threads are touched neither by the projectile nor weft thread,
Generally the gripper projectile is selected across the warp shed on very high speed where the picking energy derived from the energy stored in a metal torsion bar that is twisted for different looms
All picks are cut off at the picking side near the selvedge after weft insertion for the loom
The color changing machinery is less complicated for making weaving patterns
The weft is marked directly from a large stationary cross wound package.
The reed is not joint as in a shuttle the loom but rocked about its axis by the pair of cam.
The reed & projectile guides are stationary for the duration of pick insertion.
Small shed opening because of the smaller size projectile. [2]
Short notes of Auto Projectile Loom Limited
Auto Projectile Loom Limited. was incorporated in Bangladesh as a Public Limited Company with limited liability on 8 March and commenced commercial operation in 1995 and also went into the public issue of shares and debentures in the same year. The shares of the Company are listed in 2013 the Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchanges of Bangladesh.
Air jet Loom Limited. is the most modern composite mill in the region. Auto Projectile Loom Limited has an installed capacity of 588 high-speed air-jet looms in its weaving section and a high-tech dyeing and finishing section with a capacity of 600,000 yards of finished fabric per day. This company is located at the Auto Garment Park.
Auto Projectile Loom Limited.. has a state of the art composite knit fabric production mill,. has a state of the art composite knit fabric production mill, which serves the growing needs of high-quality knit garments exporters in Bangladesh. The project was set up as a state of the art knit fabric knitting, dyeing and finishing facility. During the year the Company produced and sold high quality of knit fabrics and bringing forth all the latest in hard and soft technologies in knitting, dyeing and finishing of knit fabric.
Auto Projectile Loom Limited.. also has cotton and polyester blended yarn-spinning mill, with 22,000 spindles is one of the largest spinning mills of the country. The mill was set up to feed the country’s export oriented industries. Auto Projectile Loom Limited.. produces specialized finishes of denim cloth for export in finished as well as cloth only form.
Quality management of bead loom patterns
In aut garments quality management system of bead loom patterns are independent. The quality assurance department is assigned to maintain consistently uniform quality of the material in process & various stages of its manufacturing.
Why quality is important?
Quality sells brand reputation or image (Levis, Nike etc). No quality means no order. No order means no production. Customer’s satisfaction to the products. The products must look good to attach consumer’s attraction. If the product is dirty madder no proper packing consumers will not give it a second look.
How to control quality:
Quality controls or quality assurances must have the knowledge to do the checking. He must have the proper quality assurance package & the Audit from or inspection report. Process of checking from cutting of fabrics to finished package.
Jacquard to be checked for defects (no shading, bowing, slubs, broken picks, hole etc)
In line inspection roving & checking on all sewing operation & document the defects. Take immediate action to correct & fix the defects or problems. Sewing machine has problem causing puckering, skip stitch, needle break so check it. The sewing worker should stop sewing.
Quality control chief should receive the audit report of the quality controller in a timely manner. May be one hour interval to ensure the quality of the operation is under control. If there is quality issue quality controller chief should take the matter to the factory manager for him to follow up with the sewing operators for action & correction line supervision should stay with the sewing operator to ensure that the quality is maintained & no more defects.
Factory manager must connected with inventory department for all the trims, accessories for the production.
Objective of quality control:
Research
Selection of raw material
Process control
Process development
Product testing
Specification check
Accessory of weaving patterns Inspection Procedure
The following level should be applied:
For countable items (such as labels, buttons etc.)
For non-countable items (such as interlining, ribbons etc.): At least 10% of order quantity with an acceptable defect rate of 2%.
If any accessories fail the first inspection, then a second inspection is to be carried out and if the second inspection fails again then the factory must immediately notify the concerned product controller at Auto weaving patterns ltd. At the same time the factory should notify the relevant supplier immediately for any necessary corrective action / replacement if required.
Accessories of weaving patterns should be checked as per the below mentioned guideline
Backboard: As per approved sample and make sheet
Measurements
Shape
Colour
Material quality
Weight of board
Box end label: As per approved sample and order sheet
Scan barcode to ensure it is scannable
Material quality
Adhesiveness
Colour & Print
Information
Butterfly: As per approved sample and make sheet
no.
Shape & Size
Material quality (clarity & thickness)
Buttons: As per approved sample and testing to be carried out
Style
Ligne
Colour
Embossing (if applicable)
Material quality
Button to be attached to bulk fabric (as per production) & carry out pull test – requirement 90N or as advised
Nickel test (For metal items): To be done by auto weaving looming ltd.
Ferrous test (For metal items): Metal Buttons to be passed through metal detection machine prior to production start to confirm them being non-ferrous.
Carton: As per approved sample, make and order sheet
Cardboard quality
Print
Punch panel functionality (if applicable)
Measurements
Clips for looming: As per approved sample
Shape
Colour
Material quality
Collar bone: As per approved sample and make sheet
Ref. no.
Shape & Size
Colour
Material quality (incl. thickness)
Print
Collar insert for looming: As per approved sample and make sheet
Ref. no.
Shape & Size
Material quality (clarity & thickness)
Dennison Loop: As per approved sample and make sheet
Length
Colour
Material quality
Gum tape: As per approved sample
Colour
Width
Material quality
Adhesiveness
Print
Hangers: As per approved sample and make sheet
Ref. no.
Size
Colour
Material quality
Condition (e.g. broken)
Hanger seal for Looming: As per approved sample
Colour
Sizing
Material quality
Adhesiveness
Hanger sizer: As per approved sample
Colour
Shape / Sharpness
Condition (e.g. broken)
Printing
Interlining: As per approved sample and make sheet
no.
Colour / Shade
Material quality (incl. fault rate)
Fuse a piece to assess quality after fusing as per approved pre-production sample
Kimbals (incl. price sticker): As per order sheet
Scan barcode to ensure it is scannable
Information (incl. price)
Adhesiveness
Colour
Measurements
Print (where applicable)
Sizing (where applicable)
Material quality
Information & symbol check
Label to be attached to Bulk fabric & wash according to care code, review appearance after wash
Neckboard: As per approved sample
Measurements
Material quality
Colour
Shape
Pack label: As per approved sample and order sheet
Scan barcode to ensure it is scannable
Material quality
Colour
Adhesiveness
Information
Placket support: As per approved sample and make sheet
Ref. no.
Shape & Size
Material quality (clarity & thickness)
Polybag/Poly Liner: As per approved sample and make sheet/order sheet
Ref. no.
Material quality (incl. clarity, print)
Seam durability
Information / Warning
Airhole punch
Ribbon/Tape: As per approved sample and testing to be carried out
Colour
Width
Material quality
Shrinkage
Colour fastness
Security Tag: As per approved sample & make sheet
Colour
Shape
Functionality
Swingers: As per approved sample and order sheet
Ref. no.
Information
Colour
Shape & Size
Material quality
Scan barcode to ensure it is scannable (if applicable)
Thread: As per approved sample and make sheet
Thread count
Colour continuity check of sewing thread in the light box
Colour matching (as per approval / pantone reference)
Tie: As per approved sample & make sheet
Colour
Design
Weaving defect
Label instructions (e.g. care code, composition etc)
Tie clip / Tie pin: As per approved sample
Colour
Shape/Design
Functionality
Material quality
Tissue: As per approved sample
Colour
Material quality
Measurements
Printing quality & information (if applicable)
Wrapband: As per approved sample and make sheet
Ref. no.
Colour
Material quality
Information/Wording
Measurement
Advantages of the Loom for looming:
Advantages of the loom with weaving techniques is given below-
Projectile Loom
As the projectile is passing through guides and there is no reed to projectile or projectile to yarn contact.
More than one cloth can be woven simultaneously with different looms for looming[2]
Water Jet Loom is a weaving machine for looming used to jet of water for carrying weft yarn through a shed. Waterjet Loom is not suitable for cotton looming during making yarn. It is used for synthetics yarn. Water jet Loom is characterized by high insertion performance and low energy consumption. [1]
Specifications of Kmt Waterjet Loom:
Specification of Kmt Waterjet Loom is given below-
[label type=”label” title=”Specifications Name“]
[label type=”label” title=”Specifications Value“]
Product Category
Weaving
Machine Category
Loom Machine
Product Name
Kmt Waterjet Loom
Product Model
According to Manufacturer
Product Class
New
Origin
China/India/Others
Brand/Manufacturer
kmt waterjet
Agent In Bangladesh
No/Yes
Power
2.2KW
Temperature
Normal
Certification
SGS/Others
Production Capacity
100 Set/Sets per Month
Droppers
10000pcs
Work Width
2300 (mm)
Head Frame
6/8/10/16
Rotational Speed
1,200 rpm
Speed
280rpm
Weft Density
20-1800D
Weft Density Range
6-60pick/cm
Nozzle
1/2
Take Up
Mechanic/Electric
Let Off
Mechanic/Electric
Motor
1.5 /2.0 Kw
Dimension
4450*2300*3100mm
Weight
3000KG
Description
Water jets loom is to increase the weight and thickness of all motion parts
Feature
Working width: minimum 500-2000 mm Shedding Type: Positive Cam / Dobbby with CAD Designing Software Speed: 500-800 RPM Well Insertion: Waterjet Number of Weft Selectors: minimum 02 No of Heald Frames: minimum 4-8 Let off and Take-up: Electronic
Advantages of Water Jet Loom:
Smooth and Quiet loom weaving of water jet looms machine
Accurate steering control of loom weaving
Indirect movement possible with multiple jet installations.
Flexibility during the use of multiple water jet looms may allow operators to continue to operate efficiently on fewer drives
Maximum Engine Life of water jet looms
Simplicity of loom knitting for water jet looms
Easy installation for water jet looms
Jet unit impeller is finely matched to engine power for making loom weaving
Power absorption is the similar of boat speed
Single packaged module for loom weaving machine
No heavy gearbox required for loom weaving machine
Excellent Maneuverability for the machine
Low Drag and Shallow Draught for loom knitting machine
Low Maintenance for water loom knitting machine,
Simple drive line from engine to jet coupling of looming
There is no engine alignment problems.
Absenteeism of underwater appendages decreases hull resistance
Lowest downtime and easy maintenance routines
There is no vibration during looming [2]
Working Procedure of Hydrojet Loom:
Hydrojet Loom is only 0.1 centimeter is enough to carry a yarn crossways a 48 inch shed. The measure of water required for each weft yarn is less than 2.0 cubic centimeters.
Water Jet Loom
Hydrojet loom machines can arrive at 2,000 meters of picks per minute. The hydrojet loom may produce high quality fabrics that have good appearance with feel. [2]
History of Water Jet Loom for Looming:
Waterjet Loom was first invented 1950 at Czechoslovakia. After that it is refined by the Japanese in the1960. Hydrojet Loom are not used as frequently as air jets, but they are chosen for some types of fabrics. The process is not fitting for yarns of hydrophilic fibers because the fabric picks up huge moisture [2]
Weaving Loom for Sale:
For example, the optional breadth may vary from 135 cm to 360 cm. Within this range, we can meet any demand form the customers. If customers don’t really have idea how wide their fabrics should be, It does not matter. Just tell us what you want to do and we will give you our best possible suggestions. [3]
Weft insertion rate is max 2280 meter/min. And the rotating speed is 12000 RPM at highest. Of course it is adjustable in accordance with desired fabrics specifications.[3]
As for spare parts, normally we attach each set 4,6 or 8 pieces of heald frames, 10 pieces of cam opening and 16 pieces of dobby at most.[3]
Some machine cost effectiveness also lies in its power, only 1.5-4.5 Kw, which means you can produce more fine fabrics with a low power consumption. The range of weft density is about 5-80 thread per cm, quite optional for customer to choose the right one. Our mission is to bring the best possible weaving machine for the textile industry all over Bangla. And that is why we are here, to introduce you our water jet loom weaving machine.[3]
[1] Md. Ferdus Alam, B.Sc. in Textile Engineering, Southeast University, Cell # 1723300700, Email- [email protected]
[2] MD Mainuddin, B.Sc. in Textile Engineering
[3] Sui John, Sales Manager, Cell# 86-532-86943452, Email: John [email protected], Website – rising-textile-machinery.com
Rapier loom making a loom in weaving machine using rapier which is flexible for carrying the weft yarn across through the shed. After reaching the destination, the rapier head returns empty to pick up the next weft yarn. One side of a rapier machine, a rod or steel tape, carries the weft yarn for making a loom. The other side of the rapier is connected to the control system.
Types of looms for Textile Weaving
There are two different types of Rapier Loom for textile weaving–
Single Rapier Machines for textile weaving
Double Rapier Machines for textile weaving [2]
Single Rapier Machines
A single rapier use rigid rapier. The rigid rapier is metal with a circular cross section.
Single Rapier Loom
The rapier enters the shed from one side, picks up the tip of the installing yarn on the other side which passes it across the power loom width during retracting. As a result, a single rapier carries the yarn in one way. [2]
Double Rapier Machines
There are two rapiers use in these machines where one rapier called the giver that takes the filling yarn from the yarn on one side of the loom, brings it to the middle of the machine and shift it to the second rapier which is called the taker. The taker retards and brings the filling yarn to the another side.[2]
Specifications of Rapier Weaving Machine
Specification of rapier weaving machine is given below –
The rapier transfer box build with the most helix gears is stable and dependable. Rear beam tension structure is used to balance tension of warp for high density fabrics
Auto Textiles Industry
Auto textile industry is a modern and efficient Composite Textile Project for the production of knitted fabrics. A modern and efficient composite knit textile industry equipped with hi-tech European Knitting, Dyeing, and Finishing Machinery. Auto textile industry offers various types of high quality tubular fabrics including interlock, single jersey, pique polo, lacoste, rib, lycra rib, flat knit collar / cuff and many other varieties of structured fabrics and fashionable garments. Auto textile industry now also offers stentering, compacting, and calendaring of open width fabrics and is equipped with 90% Cotton, T/C, CVC, Polyester & Spandex mixed fabric finishing facilities.
Weaving fabric Defect Manual
There are obviously many other problems that one may encounter during the course of weaving fabric production. However, what were discussed here are considered to be the most common problems or defects that can appear on the weaving fabric .
The explanations and definitions are stated in a general form. But if required, additional expansive and detailed information is available.
It is important to realize that in order to be able to effectively deal with weaving fabric defects, the ability to identify and establish the causes is the first step in determining the corrective or preventive actions.
It is, therefore, essential for the quality control personnel in any weaving fabric producing facility to be mindful, aware and have a complete understanding of the possible problems that might arise.
The quality control procedures must be designed and used first as prevention tools and then, if required, be utilized to correct the defects.
Defect
Requirement
Barre
In weaving knits, patterned unevenness of appearance in the course or widthwise direction of a weaving fabric
Bad Place
In wovens, localized places where the weave has been severely disrupted
Bias
In wovens, where the filling textile yarns are off-square to the warp ends, in weaving knits, where the course are off-square to the wales
Birdseye
In weaving knits, the occasional and erratic appearance of tucked stitches contrary to the design of the weaving fabric
Bow
In wovens, where the filling textile yarns lie in an arc across the width of the weaving fabric , in weaving knits, where the courses lie in an arc across the width of the weaving fabric
Broken End
Where a wrap textile yarn has ruptured and been repaired
Broken Colour Pattern
In wovens, a break in the continuity of design. In weaving knits, the result of a mistake in creeling
Broken Pick
Where a filling break leaves a pick missing for a portion of the width of the weaving fabric
Bruise
Where the textile yarn being woven or the weaving fabric after being woven has been scuffed so as t o disorient the fiber and result in a fuzzy appearance
Burl Mark
A distortion resulting from some superfluous material being removed with a burling tool
Buttonhole Selvage
A selvage defect caused by excessive tension buildup in the shuttle just before filling change. Resulting in a defect resembling a buttonhole
Chafed Textile yarn
Textile yarn that has been scuffed by a abrasion, disorienting the fiber and leaving the textile yarn fuzzy
Chopped Filling
An unevenness in the filling direction characterized by a distinct or measured pattern
Clip Mark
An undyed place resulting from a metal clip being used on edge of a weaving fabric to prevent or correct a selvage turndown during dyeing
Coarse End
An end whose diameter is noticeably greater than that normal to the weaving fabric
Coarse Pick
A pick of filling whose diameter is noticeably greater than that normal to the weaving fabric
Coarse Textile yarn
A textile yarn whose diameter is noticeably greater than that normal to the weaving fabric
Cockled Weaving fabric
In weaving knits, crinkled, shriveled or ridgy weaving fabric that will not lie flat on the cutting table.
Cockled Textile yarn
A textile yarn in which some fiber appear wild or tightly curled and disoriented.
Colour Fly
Fiber of a different colour appearing in a textile yarn or weaving fabric as contamination
Colour Out
In print , when colour paste runs low in the reservoir resulting in blank skips in the print pattern
Colour Smear
In print , when the colour is smeared, distorting the pattern
Compactor Crease
In weaving knits, hardset creases resulting from the introduction of wrinkled weaving fabric into the shrinkage control and stabilization process
Corrugation
A washboard effect resulting from a malfunctioning sanforizer blanket
Cover
The face of a weaving fabric in relation to amount of warp of filling show
Crease
A place where a weaving fabric has been folder on itself under pressure
Crease Streak
The visual after-effect of a crease occurring during the dyeing or finishing processes
Damaged
The Condition of a weaving fabric rendered unusable for this intended use
Doctor Streak
In prints, a narrow, oscillation length-wise streak
Double End
Two ends where only one is called for by the design of the weaving fabric
Double Pick
Two Picks in a single shed where only one is called for by the design of the weaving fabric
Doubling
A filling textile yarn twice the normal size due to two ends of roving running together into a single end of spinning
Drawback
A defect resulting from excessive tension gradually applied to a number of warp textile yarns by some abnormal restriction
Dropped Pick
This is the result of the filling insertion mechanism on a shuttleless rapier loom not holding and releasing the filling textile yarn too soon
Dropped Stitch
In weaving knits, where a stitch has not formed due to malfunction of a loom needle
Dye Streak in Print
Streaks related to dyestuff, if application to, or absorption by the weaving fabric
End Out
A missing warp textile yarn
Filling Band
A visually perceptible band across the width of the weaving fabric directly attributable to a difference in the chemical or physical characteristics of the filling
Filling Floats
Picks of filling extending unbound over or under warp ends with which they should have been interlaced
Fine End
An end whose diameter is noticeably smaller than that normal to the weaving fabric
Fine Pick
A pick of filling whose diameter is noticeably smaller than that normal to the weaving fabric
Fine Textile yarn
In weaving knits, a textile yarn whose diameter is noticeably smaller than that normal to the weaving fabric
Flat
A misdraw in a plain weave resulting in two ends weaving as one and opposing two other ends weaving as one
Float
A thread extending unbound over or under threads of the opposite textile yarn system with which it should have been interlaced
Foreign Fiber
Fiber, other than that common to a weaving fabric , existing as contamination,
Fuzz Balls
Balls of fiber encircling the warp textile yarn formed by the abrasion of the rapier loom
Gout
An accumulation of short fiber or fly spun knot the textile yarn or drawn into the rapier loom shed
Halo
A light place encircling a defect resulting from dye migration to the defect during drying
Hang Pick
A pick of filling hanging for a split second on a warp knot or other protrusion until freed by the stroke of the reed
Hang Thread
A thread left hanging on the face of a weaving fabric
Hard Size
A place in a weaving fabric characterized by a harsh, stiff hand and cloudy, uneven appearance
Harness Balk
An isolated failure of a rapier loom harness to move in its prescribed sequence
Harness Breakdown
A place where a harness ceases to function
Harness Misdraw
Where one of more ends are drawn through the harness contrary to the design of the weave
Hole
Self Descriptive
Jerk-in
An extra pieced of filling textile yarn jerked by the shuttle into the weaving fabric along with a regular pick of filling
Kinky Filling
A place in a weaving fabric where a pick of filling has been given enough slack to twist on itself for a short distance
Knot
A place where two ends of textile yarn have been tied together
Rapier loom Bar
A change in shade across the width of a weaving fabric
Rapier loom Waste
A place in a weaving fabric where accumulated waste off the rapier loom has found its way into the weaving fabric either by air current or rapier loom shuttle
Loopy Filling
A pick of filling hanging for a split second on a warp knot or other protrusion until freed by the stroke of the reed
Loose Course
In weaving knits, a course whose loops are more extended than normal
Weaving machine Stop
Visible evidence of a weaving fabric having been stopped in some weaving machine during the dyeing and finishing process.
Mat-up
A place where the warp textile yarns have become entangled so as to disrupt the proper interlacing of warp and filling
Misdraw(Harness)
Where one or more ends are drawn through the harness contrary to the design of the weave
Misdraw(Reed)
Where one or more ends are drawn through the reed contrary to the design
Misdraw(Colour )
In wovens, the drawing of colour ed textile yarns through the rapier loom harness contrary to the colour pattern and/ or weave design.
Mispick
Where the weave design is broken by the absence of a pick of filling
Missing Textile yarn
In weaving knits, the absence of a textile yarn
Miss-selection
In weaving knits, where the design is corrupted by the random dropping of stitches
Mixed Filling
A visible widthwise band resulting from filling that differs from that normal to the weaving fabric
Mixed Textile yarn
Textile yarn that is alien to a weaving fabric because of its peculiar chemical or physical characteristics
Mottled
A term used to describe a blotch or spotty appearance
Loom needle Line
In weaving knits, a vertical crack resulting from a bent loom needle
Neppiness
An excessive amount of tangled masses of fiber (neps) appearing on the face of a weaving fabric
Open Reed
A defect resulting from defect resulting from a bent reed wire, characterized by a fine-lined thin place in the warp direction
Out of Register
In print , pattern distortion due to the lack of synchronization of the print rolls
Overshot
A pick of filling deflected from its normal path through the shed and extending unbound over warp ends with
Pattern Defect
In wovens, the formation of interlaces or the insertion of colour contrary to the design of the weaving fabric
Pin Holes
These are holes common to a weaving fabric run over a pin-tenter and become a defect when they venture too far in from the selvage and enlarge to tear
Press Off
In weaving knits, a condition where the weaving fabric fails to knit and either falls off the weaving machine or the design is completely disrupter and destroyed
Pucker
A warpwise distortion resulting from uneven wetting out during sanforization
Reed Misdraw
Where one or more ends are drawn through the reed contrary to design
Reed Mark
A defect resulting from a bent reed wire, characterized by a fine-lined thin place in the warp direction
Reedy
A condition characterized by open streaks following the pattern of the reed wires
Rough
A term used to describe a rough or crinkled appearance
Run
In weaving knits, a vertical line of unformed stitches resulting from a broken loom needle or jack
Sanforize Corrugation
A washboard effect resulting from a malfunctioning sanforizer blanket
Sanforize Pucker
A warpwise distortion resulting from uneven wetting out during sanforization
Sanforize Roughness
A term used to describe a rough or crinkled appearance
Scrimp
A defect resulting from a weaving fabric being printed in a folded or creased condition
Seam Impression
The imprint of a seam made under pressure
Selvage (Beaded)
A term used to describe a selvage that has concentration of ends drawn together forming a cord or bead
Selvage (Scalloped)
An unevenness characterized by a regularity of ins and outs
Selvage (Slack or Wavy)
The condition where the edge of a weaving fabric is longer than the center
Selvage (Tight)
The condition where the selvages of a weaving fabric are shorter than the center
Selvage (Turndown)
A place where a selvage folds on itself and runs through squeeze rolls setting the fold
Shade Bar
A distinct shade change of short duration across the width of the weaving fabric
Shade Change
A term used to describe a general change in shade, either abrupt or gradual, that is not confined to, or cannot be described as, shade-bars
Shade (Cross)
Where there is a noticeable shade difference from one side of a weaving fabric to the other
Shade (Side to Center)
Where there is a noticeable shade difference from the side of a weaving fabric to the center
Shed-splitting
A term used to describe multiple textile yarn floats
Shuttle Mark
A fine line parallel to the filling
Singling
A single textile yarn appearing in a plied-textile yarn weaving fabric
Skew
In wovens, where the filling textile yarns are off square to the warp ends, in weaving knits, where the courses are off square to the wales
Skip stitch
In weaving knits, the wrong formation of the knit design
Slack End
The result of a loose or broken end puckering as it is gradually woven into a weaving fabric
Slack Warp
A weaving fabric woven with less than required tension
Sloughed Filling
A defect caused by extra winds of filling slipping from the bobbin and being woven into the weaving fabric
Slub
A term used to describe a short thick place in a textile yarn
Slubby Filling
A bobbin of filing containing numerous slubs
Sluggy Filling
A bobbin of filling containing numerous gouts or slugs of waste fiber
Smash
A place in a weaving fabric where a large number of wrap ends have been ruptured and repaired
Snap
In print , the result of a hard particle becoming lodged under a doctor blade, holding the blade from the engraved roll, allowing colour to escape on either side of the particle
Soiled End
A warp textile yarn that has been soiled by grease or dirt
Soiling Filling
Filling textile yarn that has been soiled by grease or dirt
Spot
A discolour ed place or stain on a weaving fabric
Stop Mark
In wovens, a defect resulting from the warp textile yarn elongation under tension while a rapier loom is stopped. In weaving knits, a similar distortion resulting from the relaxation of the textile yarns during a weaving machine stop
Straying End
In warp weaving knits, the result of a broken end straying out of position and being knitted in a irregular manner into the weaving fabric as the weaving machine continues to run
Streak
See crease, reed, dye
Temple Bruise
A streak along the edge of a weaving fabric that has been scuffed and/or distorted by a damaged malfunctioning of poorly set temple
Thick Place
A place across the width containing more picks or heavier filling than that normal to the weaving fabric
Thin Place
A place across the width containing less picks or lighter filling than that normal to the weaving fabric
Tight End
In wovens, an end running taut due to some abnormal restriction. In warp weaving knits, a tight end will cause a fine lined, length or warpwise distortion in the weaving fabric
Trapped Shuttle
The effect is that of distorting the weaving fabric and stretching the textile yarn
Tucking Defect
In weaving knits, when the tuck stitch is unintentional and contrary to the design of the weaving fabric
Undershot
A pick of filling deflected from its normal path through the shed and extending unbound over warp ends with which it should have been interlaced
Uneven Filling
A filling whose variation of diameter is noticeable enough to detract from the appearance of a weaving fabric
Warp Float
A warp end extending unbound over or under picks with which it should have interlaced
Wavy Cloth
A term to used describe cloth woven under conditions of varying tension
Wavy Selvage
(see selvage)
Wild Filling
A piece of loose or stray textile yarn jerked into the shed along with a regular pick of filling
Features of High Speed Rapier Loom
The features of high speed rapier loom is stated below –
Weft insertion of the high speed rapier loom system is joint with air jet picking system,
Gabler system rapier may be single sided or double sided for power loom,
The machine include on gabler system Draper DSL,Gusken etc which is operating on dewas system include dornier, Gunne, Smit, picanol, Novo pignon SACM , Sommet, Sulzer-Ruti etc,
Mechanism as insertion of double pick to how to make a loom,
Mechanism as insertion of single pick to know how to make a loom,
An valuable feature of high speed rapier loom an industrial machinery is that it works simultaneously inserted in two sheds one above the other for making double plush and certain carpets. [2]
Pilling is a fabric surface, abrasion resistance phenomenon characterized by little balls formed by entangled fibers clinging to the surface. To determine the tendency to form pills, a tester is used which is called pilling tester. Abrasion Resistance is one kind of textile Lab Equipments [1]
Function of Abrasion Resistance and Pilling Tester:
This test equipment is used to determine the resistance of the textile fabric after rubbing against a standard abrading (woven worsted wool fabrics) which is assessed by visual comprising after predetermined number of cycle.
Pilling Tester
Samples are easy to check and multiple speeds can be used.[1]
Specifications of Digital Pilling Tester for Pilling Test:
[label type=”label” title=” Specifications Name”]
[label type=”label” title=”Specifications Value”]
Product Category
LAB
Machine Category
Pilling Tester
Product Name
textile fibre product tester
Product Model
According to Manufacturer
Product Class
New
Origin
China/India/Others
Brand/Manufacturer
Name of Manufacturer
Agent in Bangladesh
No/Yes
Power
AC220V+/-10, 50Hz, 120W
Temperature
Normal
Certification
SGS/Others
Production Capacity
200PCS/Year
Number of pilling drums
2/4/6/9
Rotational speed
60r/min
Rotational speed
60 r/min
Timer range
0-99h 99min
Dimension
235*235*235mm
Weight
100-500Kg
Description
This test equipment is used for testing textile fibre
Practical Pilling resistance:
Machine used :ICI pilling box & random Pilling tester.
Machine manufactured by :James . H . Heals and company, England.
Person responsible:QA lab assistant
Frequency:Whenever required.
Procedure :BS 5811, ASTM D3512 and according to customer requirement.
Performance standard:Grade – 4
Grade – 3 (for peach fabric)
In case of non conformity :Re-singing followed by Resin finish.
Practical Abrasion resistance:
Machine used :Nu-Martindal abrasion and pilling tester.
Machine manufactured by:James . H . Heals and company, England.
Person responsible:QA lab assistant
Frequency:Whenever required.
Procedure :BS-5690 ref: Breakdown and according to customer requirement.
Performance standard:Maximum ends breakage per 20000 revolution. In case of non conformity :Re-singing, Re-washing and Re-finishing.
Feature of Digital Pilling Tester for Pilling Test:
More accurate report for wear test and textile fibre
Use of special materials which reduce operating noise during testing of textile fibre
These laboratory equipments can be used for all kinds of fabric and weave patterns
This test equipment is used for testing textile fibre and wear test
This laboratory equipment is consists by two/more wooden cubical Boxes
This product tester is very simple machine is used for textile fibre
Quick change can be from Abrasion to wear test.
The machine has two plates, one is mounted at the bottom and another is on the top.
A woven worsted wool cloth is used as an abradant for wear test
Consists byt geared motor that rotates the boxes about their central axis
It has pre-set Digital Counter stops the motor automatically
It has demountable cork so it is convenient for replacement [1][]
Working Procedure of the Product Tester:
At first, collect the sample. Then the sample is cut according to the dimension of the sample holder. The weight of sample is measured by digital weight balance. Then the sample is placed on the sample holder. Then the cycle of the product tester is set according to the quality of fabric and machine is switched on. After the completion of required cycle the sample is withdrawn from the sample holder and weight of abraded sample is measured. At last we have to calculate the wear index for wear test. [1]
Conclusion:
This test equipment is very popular to measure the abrasion and pilling of the textile fabrics such as Flat woven, knitted and certain non-woven fabrics. [1]
Light fastness tester or color fastness tester is a laboratory instruments for color blind test technique to determine the color fastness to light of textiles and garments against sunlight. All dyed material experience change in color when showing to daylight for a adequately long period because of the act of sunlight. The light fastness test is signified by the number of the light fastness standard fabric that change color as the test specimen. It is describe as the numerical score for light fastness.
Features of Tester for Color Fastness To Light:
Feature of light fastness tester for color blind test is given below with picture
Light Fastness Tester
It is an effective fabric & garment testing equipment using color fastness to light
Light fastness tester is used to degradation of textiles to Sunlight.
Clamps of stainless steel is used for laboratory instruments
The test report of light fastness test is documented with test record
Light fastness tester is very essential in textile lab
Other Chemical Fastness test:
The following chemical test are carried out by QA of finished fabric –
Fastness to perspiration
Fastness to light
Fastness to heat
Fastness to sea water
Fastness to chloraminated water
Washing stability
Fabric pH
Fastness to perspiration-:
Machine used -Perspirometer chemical kit & Carbolite incubator.
Machine manufactured by -James . H . Heals and company, England.
Person responsible-QA lab assistant
Frequency-Whenever customer required.
Procedure -BS 1006 ref- E 04, AATCC 105, AATCC 15.
In case of non conformity -Re-wash and Re-finish with fixing agent.
Light fastness test:
Machine used -Light fastness tester (Mercury Vapor Lamp).
Machine manufactured by-James . H . Heals and company, England.
Person responsible-QA lab assistant
Frequency-Whenever customer required.
Procedure -BS 1006 B02.
Performance standard-For dark shade 4C, for light & Pal shade 3C and according to customer requirement.
In case of non conformity -Select dye stuff with better light fastness property
Fastness to heat:
Machine used -Contact heat test unit
Machine manufactured by -Roaches Engineer limited
Person responsible-QA lab assistant
Frequency-Whenever required.
Procedure -ISO 105 – Poland BS 1006 – X11.
Performance standard-According to customer requirement.
In case of non conformity -Select dyestuff with better fastness to heat
Fastness to sea water:
Machine used -Perspirometer chemical kit & Carbolite incubator.
Machine manufactured by -James . H . Heals and company, England.
Person responsible-QA lab assistant
Frequency-Whenever required.
Procedure -ISO 105 E02 – 1989.
Performance standard-According to customer requirement.
In case of non conformity -For color change 4C and for color staining 4S.
Fastness to Chlorominated water:
Machine used -Gyro wash
Machine manufactured by-James . H . Heals and company, England.
Person responsible-QA lab assistant
Frequency-Whenever required.
Procedure -AATC 162
Performance standard-ccording to customer requirement.
In case of non conformity -For color change 3C
Fastness to washing stability:
Machine used -Electrolue Wascator.
Machine manufactured by-Wascomat.
Person responsible-QA lab assistant
Frequency-Every order and batcher.
Procedure -BS 4923 ref- 2A, AATCC135, ISO 6330.
In case of non conformity -Re-finish and Re-sanforize.
Fabric pH:
Machine used -Metller Toled
Machine manufactured by -Metller Toledo AG
Person responsible-QA lab assistant
Frequency-Whenever required.
Procedure -AATCC 81 – 1996
Performance standard-According to customer requirements.
In case of non conformity -Re-wash or Re finish with acid (in case of reactive dyed fabric)
Water Hardness Test:
A.100ml water is taken in a Vickers
B.4ml ammonia buffer solution is taken in it.
C.2-3 drops black indicator ( Ericromic Black T
Then have to titrate with 0.01N EDTA.
Result- = Burette reading × 10, Standard> 60
If burette reading is more than 6o then it will not be ok.
TEST METHOD
Principle
The UV screening agent is applied in combination with TERASIL dyes by padding, followed by drying and Thermosoling treatments.
The light fastness improvement achieved for a combination of dyes is assessed colorimetrically by standardized HT light exposure tests.
Procedure
Material
10.0 g Tersuisse polyester tricot,
washed off, heat set at 175°C
type 2031 ( No. 5-4204 )
Machinery / apparatus
Benz pad mangle
Mathis stenter
Dyes
Dyes
pale grey
charcoal
TERASIL Yellow X-GWL
1.30 g/l
TERASIL Red X-GSA
0.30 g/l
TERASIL Violet X-B
0.04 g/l
TERASIL Blue X-BGE
0.30 g/l
TERASIL Grey X-SGN
50 g/l
Chemicals / auxiliaries
UV screening agent 0, 15, 30, 60 g/l
CIBAFLOW PAD 1 g/l
IRGAPADOL MP 10 g/l
acetic acid 80 % pH 5.5 x ml/l
Liquor
100 ml per sample, de-ionized water
Padding
Pick-up: 100 %
Temperature: 20°C
Pressure: 12.0 kp/cm2
Speed: 1.0 m/min
Runs: 2
Drying
5 min at 120°C, of which 2 min without and 3 min with air circulation
Thermosoling
90 s at 215°C for pale – medium shades
90 s at 230°C für deep shades
Afterclearing
rinse
5′
Cold
afterclear
5′
70°C
2 g/l hydrosulphite
5 g/l caustic soda 30%
1 g/l ERIOPON OS
rinse
5′
Warm and cold
Neutralize
5′
20°C
0.5 ml/l acetic acid 80%
Rinse
1′
Cold
Light fastness tests
The dyed samples are tested by the well-known automobile industry standard HT light exposure procedures. The choice of test is country-specific, the main ones being:
SAE J1885 with 488.8 kJ
FAKRA 5x DIN 75202
JASO BP 83°C 400 h
Assessment
Colorimetric: colour difference (CIELab)
CFU relative strength (in %)
Fastness/change of shade
Specifications of Color Fastness Tester:
Specification of light fastness tester for color blind test is given below –
[label type=”label” title=”Specifications Name“]
[label type=”label” title=”Specifications Value“]
Product Category
Lab
Machine Category
Color Fastness Tester
Product Name
Color Fastness Tester laboratory instruments
Product Model
According to Manufacturer
Product Class
New
Origin
China/India/Others
Brand/Manufacturer
Name of Manufacturer
Agent in Bangladesh
No/Yes
Power
220 Volts, 50 HZ, A.C. Supply
Temperature
20°-24°C
Certification
SGS/Others
Production Capacity
NA
Light Source
500W, MBTL Fading Lamp
Test Chamber Temperature
Ambient to 50° C
Temperature Range Control
By Water Circulation in Type ‘A’ rectangular cells.
Maximum Number of Type
12 Nos. ‘A’ Rectangular Cells
Maximum Number of Type
50 Nos. ‘C’ Cylindrical Cells
Maximum Space per Type
110 x 50 mm Rectangular Cells
Specimen Thickness
Up to 15 mm
Specimen size
100 x 50 mm
Maximum Number of Specimen
10 Nos.
Life of Lamp
2000 Hours
Power Consumption
Maximum 1 KW.
Water
Use of Water only in the water circulation Unit.
Dimension
700 x 500 x 850 mm
Weight
25 kg
Operating Conditions
Description
To determine the color fastness and aging to sunlight, weather resistance, compound color fastness to sunlight-perspiration of colored textile, plastic, etc
