What is Sludge Thickener Tank ?

Sludge Thickener Tank

• To increase the Sludge concentration
• To increase the efficiency of Filter press
• To reduce the sludge volume by anaerobic reaction
• To reduce moisture content in the sludge

 CHEMICAL  PREPARATION

TOTAL HARDNESS

0.02N EDTA SOLUTION

• 723gm of Disodium salt of EDTA is dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water.

 0.02N CALCIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION

• Take 1.0gm of Calcium carbonate in a conical flask , add 50 ml of distilled water Add 20.5 ml of 1N HCl , warm and cool and transferred to 1000ml standard flask and make up to the mark with distilled water.

  BUFFER SOLUTION

• 9 gm of Ammonium chloride was dissolved in 143 ml of Conc. Ammonium hydroxide . This solution is A.
• 179 gm of Disodium salt of EDTA + 0.78 gm of MgSO4.7H2O was dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water. This solution is B.
• Add these are solution and mix well. Then make up to 250ml with distilled water.

ERIOCHROME BLAKE –T INDICATOR

• 5gm of Eriochrome blake –T + 100 gm of Sodium chloride–AR grade.

CALCIUM HARDNESS

  1N NaOH SOLUTION

• 40 gm of Sodium hydroxide dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water.

MUROXIDE INDICATOR

• 150 gm of Muroxide dissolved in 100 gm of absolute ethylene glycol.

PHENOLPHTHALEIN ALKALINITY

.02N SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION

• 5ml of Sulfuric acid is dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water.

0.02N SODIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION

• 06gm of Sodium carbonate is dissolved in1000 ml of distilled water .

PHENOLPHTHALEIN INDICATOR

• 5gm of Phenolphthalein was dissolved in 95%Ethanol. 50ml of distilled water was added. 0.05N Sodium Hydroxide solution was added drop-wise until the solution turned pink

METHYL ORANGE ALKALINIT

METHYL ORANGE INDICATOR

• 05 gm of Methyl orange dissolved in100 ml distilled water.

ACIDITY

0.02N SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION

• 8 gm of sodium hydroxide dissolved in1000 ml distilled water.

FREE RESIDUAL CHLORINE

0.025N SODIUM THIO SULFATE SOLUTION  

• 205 gm of Sodium thio sulfate is dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water
• Add 0.4 gm of Sodium hydroxide

STARCH

• Dissolve 1.0gm of Starch in little water .
• Stir it well with a glass rod to make it as a thin paste.
• This paste is mixed 100 ml distilled  water .
• Then boil for 2 minutes and cool to room temperature

0.1N POTASSIUM DICHROMATE

• 9 gm of Potassium dichromate dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water.

10% KI SOLUTION

• 10 gm of Potassium iodide dissolved in 100 ml distilled water.

CHLORIDE

0.028N SILVER NITRATE  SOLUTION

                        3955 gm of Silver nitrate dissolved in 500ml of distilled water.

0.0282N SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION

• 824gm of Sodium chloride dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water.

POTASSIUM CHROMATRE INDICATOR

• 25gm of Potassium chromate dissolved in 100ml of distilled water. Add Silver nitrate solution drop wise until a slight red precipitate is formed. Allow to stand for 12 hours. Filter and dilute the filtrate to 500ml.

DISSOLVED OXYGEN

0.025N SODIUM THIO SULFATE SOLUTION

• 205 gm of Sodium thio sulfate is dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water
• Add 0.4 gm of Sodium hydroxide.

0.1N POTASSIUM DICHROMATE

• 9 gm of Potassium dichromate dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water.

10% KI SOLUTION

• 10 gm of Potassium iodide dissolved in 100 ml distilled water.

MANGANOUS SULFATE SOLUTION  

• Dissolve 480 gm MnSO4.4 H2O in distilled water and dilute to1000ml (Or)
• Dissolve 400gm MnSO4.2H2O in distilled water and dilute to1000 ml

(Or)

• Dissolve 364 gm of MnSO4 in distilled water and dilute to 1000 ml

ALKALI IODIDE-SODIUM AZIDE SOLUTION

• SOLUTION –A -125 gm of NaOH dissolved 100 ml distilled water.
• SOLUTION –B – 37.5 gm of KI dissolved in 37.5 ml distilled water.
• SOLUTION –B – 2.5 gm of Sodium azide + 10ml distilled water.
• These solutions A, B&C are mixed and make up to 250 ml.

STARCH

• Dissolve 1.0gm of Starch in little water .
• Stir it well with a glass rod to make it as a thin paste.
• This paste is mixed 100 ml distilled  water .
• Then boil for 2 minutes and cool to room temperature

CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

0.1N FAS  SOLUTION  

• Dissolve 19.645gm of Ferrous ammonium sulfate+10 ml of Conc. Sulfuric acid in distilled water and dilute to 500 ml.

0.25 POTASSIUM DICHROMATRE SOLUTION

• Dissolve 6.129 gm of Potassium dichromate in distilled water and dilute to 500 ML.

SILVER SULFATE-SULFURIC ACID

• 525 gm of Silver sulfate dissolved in 250 ml Conc. Sulfuric acid.

BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

PHOSPHATE BUFFER SOLUTION

• Dissolve 8.5 g KH2PO4 , 21.75 g K2HPO4, 33.4g Na2HPO4 & 1.7g NH4Cl In 500 ml distilled water then make up to 1 Liter.
• The PH should be 7.21

MAGNESIUM SULFATE SOLUTION

• Dissolve 22.5g Mgso4.7H2O in distilled water and dilute to 1 liter

CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION

• Dissolve 27.5g CaCl2 in  distilled water and dilute to 1 liter

FERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION

• Dissolve 0.25 g FeCl3.7H2O in distilled water and dilute to 1 liter

SEED SOLUTION

• Take recycle sludge in aeration tank

STRENTH OF SODIUM HYPO CHLORITE

0.1N SODIUM THIO SULFATE SOLUTION

• 2gm of sodium thio sulfate dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water.
• Add pinch of NaoH

  2N SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION

• 27 ml of 98 % Conc. Sulfuric acid dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water .

12 % KI SOLUTION

• 12 gm of KI dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water.

STARCH

• Dissolve 1.0gm of Starch in little water .
• Stir it well with a glass rod to make it as a thin paste.
• This paste is mixed 100 ml distilled  water .
• Then boil for 2 minutes and cool to room temperature
•  

STRENGH OF LIME

 0.1N HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION

• 9 ml of HCL dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water.

STRENGH OF FERROUS SULFATE

0.1N POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE SOLUTION

• 58gm of potassium permanganate dissolved in 500ml of distilled water.

0.1N OXALIC ACID SOLUTION    

• 152gm of Oxalic acid dissolved in 500 ml of distilled  water.

 2N SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION

• 27 ml of 98 % Conc. Sulfuric acid dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water

DEFINITIONS

DENSITY

Mass -kg

Volume- M3

MOLES

Weight in gm

Molecular weight

MOLALITY

Moles of solute

Weight of solvent

MOLARITY

Moles of solute

Volume of solution

NORMALITY

Gm/Equivalent weight of solute

Volume of solution in liter

EQUIVALENT WEIGHT

Molecular weight

Valancy

PPM

Milli grams of solute                           =    Milligrams per liter of solution

1000000 milligrams of solution                   specific gravity of liquid

PPB            

Milli grams of solute

1000000000 milligrams of solution

NOTE

1000 PPB = 1 PPM

Sludge thickener tank is used in ETP