Sludge Thickener Tank
- To increase the Sludge concentration
- To increase the efficiency of Filter press
- To reduce the sludge volume by anaerobic reaction
- To reduce moisture content in the sludge
CHEMICAL PREPARATION
TOTAL HARDNESS
0.02N EDTA SOLUTION
- 723gm of Disodium salt of EDTA is dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water.
0.02N CALCIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION
- Take 1.0gm of Calcium carbonate in a conical flask , add 50 ml of distilled water Add 20.5 ml of 1N HCl , warm and cool and transferred to 1000ml standard flask and make up to the mark with distilled water.
BUFFER SOLUTION
- 9 gm of Ammonium chloride was dissolved in 143 ml of Conc. Ammonium hydroxide . This solution is A.
- 179 gm of Disodium salt of EDTA + 0.78 gm of MgSO4.7H2O was dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water. This solution is B.
- Add these are solution and mix well. Then make up to 250ml with distilled water.
ERIOCHROME BLAKE –T INDICATOR
- 5gm of Eriochrome blake –T + 100 gm of Sodium chloride–AR grade.
CALCIUM HARDNESS
1N NaOH SOLUTION
- 40 gm of Sodium hydroxide dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water.
MUROXIDE INDICATOR
- 150 gm of Muroxide dissolved in 100 gm of absolute ethylene glycol.
PHENOLPHTHALEIN ALKALINITY
.02N SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION
- 5ml of Sulfuric acid is dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water.
0.02N SODIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION
- 06gm of Sodium carbonate is dissolved in1000 ml of distilled water .
PHENOLPHTHALEIN INDICATOR
- 5gm of Phenolphthalein was dissolved in 95%Ethanol. 50ml of distilled water was added. 0.05N Sodium Hydroxide solution was added drop-wise until the solution turned pink
METHYL ORANGE ALKALINIT
METHYL ORANGE INDICATOR
- 05 gm of Methyl orange dissolved in100 ml distilled water.
ACIDITY
0.02N SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION
- 8 gm of sodium hydroxide dissolved in1000 ml distilled water.
FREE RESIDUAL CHLORINE
0.025N SODIUM THIO SULFATE SOLUTION
- 205 gm of Sodium thio sulfate is dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water
- Add 0.4 gm of Sodium hydroxide
STARCH
- Dissolve 1.0gm of Starch in little water .
- Stir it well with a glass rod to make it as a thin paste.
- This paste is mixed 100 ml distilled water .
- Then boil for 2 minutes and cool to room temperature
0.1N POTASSIUM DICHROMATE
- 9 gm of Potassium dichromate dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water.
10% KI SOLUTION
- 10 gm of Potassium iodide dissolved in 100 ml distilled water.
CHLORIDE
0.028N SILVER NITRATE SOLUTION
3955 gm of Silver nitrate dissolved in 500ml of distilled water.
0.0282N SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
- 824gm of Sodium chloride dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water.
POTASSIUM CHROMATRE INDICATOR
- 25gm of Potassium chromate dissolved in 100ml of distilled water. Add Silver nitrate solution drop wise until a slight red precipitate is formed. Allow to stand for 12 hours. Filter and dilute the filtrate to 500ml.
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
0.025N SODIUM THIO SULFATE SOLUTION
- 205 gm of Sodium thio sulfate is dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water
- Add 0.4 gm of Sodium hydroxide.
0.1N POTASSIUM DICHROMATE
- 9 gm of Potassium dichromate dissolved in 1000ml of distilled water.
10% KI SOLUTION
- 10 gm of Potassium iodide dissolved in 100 ml distilled water.
MANGANOUS SULFATE SOLUTION
- Dissolve 480 gm MnSO4.4 H2O in distilled water and dilute to1000ml (Or)
- Dissolve 400gm MnSO4.2H2O in distilled water and dilute to1000 ml
(Or)
- Dissolve 364 gm of MnSO4 in distilled water and dilute to 1000 ml
ALKALI IODIDE-SODIUM AZIDE SOLUTION
- SOLUTION –A -125 gm of NaOH dissolved 100 ml distilled water.
- SOLUTION –B – 37.5 gm of KI dissolved in 37.5 ml distilled water.
- SOLUTION –B – 2.5 gm of Sodium azide + 10ml distilled water.
- These solutions A, B&C are mixed and make up to 250 ml.
STARCH
- Dissolve 1.0gm of Starch in little water .
- Stir it well with a glass rod to make it as a thin paste.
- This paste is mixed 100 ml distilled water .
- Then boil for 2 minutes and cool to room temperature
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
0.1N FAS SOLUTION
- Dissolve 19.645gm of Ferrous ammonium sulfate+10 ml of Conc. Sulfuric acid in distilled water and dilute to 500 ml.
0.25 POTASSIUM DICHROMATRE SOLUTION
- Dissolve 6.129 gm of Potassium dichromate in distilled water and dilute to 500 ML.
SILVER SULFATE-SULFURIC ACID
- 525 gm of Silver sulfate dissolved in 250 ml Conc. Sulfuric acid.
BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
PHOSPHATE BUFFER SOLUTION
- Dissolve 8.5 g KH2PO4 , 21.75 g K2HPO4, 33.4g Na2HPO4 & 1.7g NH4Cl In 500 ml distilled water then make up to 1 Liter.
- The PH should be 7.21
MAGNESIUM SULFATE SOLUTION
- Dissolve 22.5g Mgso4.7H2O in distilled water and dilute to 1 liter
CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
- Dissolve 27.5g CaCl2 in distilled water and dilute to 1 liter
FERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION
- Dissolve 0.25 g FeCl3.7H2O in distilled water and dilute to 1 liter
SEED SOLUTION
- Take recycle sludge in aeration tank
STRENTH OF SODIUM HYPO CHLORITE
0.1N SODIUM THIO SULFATE SOLUTION
- 2gm of sodium thio sulfate dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water.
- Add pinch of NaoH
2N SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION
- 27 ml of 98 % Conc. Sulfuric acid dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water .
12 % KI SOLUTION
- 12 gm of KI dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water.
STARCH
- Dissolve 1.0gm of Starch in little water .
- Stir it well with a glass rod to make it as a thin paste.
- This paste is mixed 100 ml distilled water .
- Then boil for 2 minutes and cool to room temperature
STRENGH OF LIME
0.1N HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION
- 9 ml of HCL dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water.
STRENGH OF FERROUS SULFATE
0.1N POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE SOLUTION
- 58gm of potassium permanganate dissolved in 500ml of distilled water.
0.1N OXALIC ACID SOLUTION
- 152gm of Oxalic acid dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water.
2N SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION
- 27 ml of 98 % Conc. Sulfuric acid dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water
DEFINITIONS
DENSITY
Mass -kg
Volume- M3
MOLES
Weight in gm
Molecular weight
MOLALITY
Moles of solute
Weight of solvent
MOLARITY
Moles of solute
Volume of solution
NORMALITY
Gm/Equivalent weight of solute
Volume of solution in liter
EQUIVALENT WEIGHT
Molecular weight
Valancy
PPM
Milli grams of solute = Milligrams per liter of solution
1000000 milligrams of solution specific gravity of liquid
PPB
Milli grams of solute
1000000000 milligrams of solution
NOTE
1000 PPB = 1 PPM
Sludge thickener tank is used in ETP
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