Main use of Flash mixer

  1. To dose the polymer
  2. To mix the treated effluent after EC with polymer
  3. To increase the fast settlement in HRSCC
  4. To remove the Hydrogen (H2) gas this is released from EC process due to reaction.
  5. To increase flock size to bigger

STRENGTH OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID

BURETTE

0.1 N Sodium hydroxide solution

SAMPLE PREPARATION

Take 10 gm of HCl in standard flask and make up to 500 ml using neutral water

CONICAL FLASK

  • 10ml of above diluted sample
  • 2-3drops Phenolphthalein indicator

TITRATION

0.1N Sodium hydroxide Vs Dilute hydrochloric acid

ENDPOINT

Appearance of pink color

CALCULATION

 Strength of Hydrochloric acid =    Titrate value x 0.1 x 36.47 x500 x 100

                                                               Weight of HCL x 10 x 1000

                                                    =     Titrate value x 1.82 %

STRENGTH OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE

BURETTE

0.1 N Hydrochloric acid.

SAMPLE PREPARATION

 Take 2 gm of caustic dissolved In 250 ml  distilled water

CONICAL FLASK

  • 25 ml of above diluted sample
  • 2-3drops Phenolphthalein indicator
  • The solution turns pink

TITRATION

0.1N Hydrochloric acid Vs Dilute sodium hydroxide

ENDPOINT

Disappearance of pink color

CALCULATION

 Strength of Sodium hydroxide =    Titrate value x 0.1 x 40 x 250 x 100

                                                               Weight of NaoH x 25 x 1000                                                                                                

                                                   =    (Titrate value x 0.1 x 40) / 2

=    (Titrate value x 4) / 2

=    Titrate value x 2                                                              

 STRENGTH OF SODIUM CARBONATE

BURETTE

0.1 N Hydrochloric acid.

SAMPLE PREPARATION

 Take 2 gm of Soda ash dissolved  In 250 ml  distilled water

CONICAL FLASK

  • 5 ml of above diluted sample
  • 2-3 drops Methyl Orange indicator
  • The solution turns Golden yellow

TITRATION

0.1N hydrochloric acid Vs Dilute sodium carbonate

ENDPOINT

Appearance of Red Orange color

CALCULATION

Strength of Sodium carbonate =    Titrate value x 0.1 x 53 x 250 x 100

                                                               Weight of Na2CO3 x 25 x 1000                                                                                           

=    (Titrate value x 0.1 x 53) / 2

=    (Titrate value x5.3) / 2

=    Titrate value x 2.65                                                     

STRENGTH OF ACETIC ACID

BURETTE

0.1 N Sodium Hydroxide

SAMPLE PREPARATION

 Take 2 gm of Acetic acid dissolved  In 250 ml  distilled water

CONICAL FLASK

  • 25 ml of above diluted sample
  • 2-3 drops Phenolphthalein indicator
  • No color change

TITRATION

0.1N Sodium hydroxide Vs Dilute acetic acid

ENDPOINT

Appearance of pink color

CALCULATION

Strength of Acetic  acid           =    Titrate value x 0.1 x 60 x 250 x 100

                                                           Weight of CH3COOHx 25 x 1000                                                                                           

                                                   =    (Titrate value x 0.1 x 60) / 2

=    (Titrate value x 6) / 2

=    Titrate value x 3                                                              

STRENGTH OF SULFURIC ACID

BURETTE

0.1 N Sodium hydroxide

SAMPLE PREPARATION

 Take 2 gm of Sulfuric acid dissolved  In 250 ml  distilled water

CONICAL FLASK

  • 25 ml of above diluted sample
  • 2-3 drops Phenolphthalein indicator
  • No color change

TITRATION

0.1N Sodium hydroxide Vs Dilute sulfuric acid

ENDPOINT

Appearance of pink color

CALCULATION

 Strength of Sulfuric  acid         =    Titrate value x 0.1 x 49 x 250 x 100

                                                               Weight of H2SO4 x 25 x 1000                                                                                             

                                                   =    (Titrate value x 0.1 x 49 / 2

=    (Titrate value x 4.9) / 2

                                                   =    Titrate value x 2.45 

    STRENGTH OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

BURETTE

0.1 N Potassium permanganate

SAMPLE PREPARATION

  • Take 5 gm of H2O2 dissolved  In 250 ml  distilled water

CONICAL FLASK

  • 25 ml of above diluted sample
  • 20 ml of 2N Sulfuric acid
  • 30 ml of distilled water

TITRATION

0.1 N Potassium permanganate Vs Dilute hydrogen peroxide

ENDPOINT

Appearance of pink color

CALCULATION

Strength of Hydrogen peroxide =    Titrate value x 0.1 x 17x 250 x 100

                                                               Weight of H2O2 x 25 x 1000                                                                                                

                                                     =    (Titrate value x 0.1 x 17)/ 5

=    (Titrate value x 1.7) / 5

=    Titrate value x 0.34

STRENGTH OF SODIUM BI SULFITE

SAMPLE PREPARATION

  • Take 2gm of sodium bi sulfite dissolved  In 250 ml  distilled water

TITRATION

 

 

S.NO

 

 

 

BLANK

 

 

SAMPLE

 

 

Burette

 

 

0.1 N Sodium thio sulfate

 

 

 

0.1 N Sodium thio sulfate

 

 

Conical flask

 

 

25 ml distilled water + 50 ml iodine solution

 

 

25 ml diluted sample + 50 ml iodine solution

 

 

Titration

 

 

Titrate  up to the appearance of light yellow

 

 

Titrate  up to the appearance of light yellow

 

 

Indicator

 

 

Add starch- blue color appears

 

 

Add starch- blue color appears

 

 

 

Titration

 

 

Continue with 0.1 N Sodium thio sulfate

 

 

 

Continue with 0.1 N Sodium thio sulfate

 

 

 

End point

 

 

Disappearance of blue color

 

 

Disappearance of blue color

 

 

 

Titration value

 

 

A

 

 

B

 

CALCULATION

Strength of Sodium bi sulfite =    5.205 X (A – B)

2

=     2.602 X (A – B)

 STRENGTH OF SODIUM SULFATE

SAMPLE PREPARATION

  • Take 8gm of sodium sulfate dissolved  In 250 ml  distilled water

ROCEDURE

In a clean 250 ml beaker 25 ml of diluted sample and 5 ml of Hydrochloric acid is added and

mix properly. Then 25 ml of 10% Barium chloride solution is added with stirring . The solution is boiled with 50 ml of distilled water for 15 min and kept for at least 6 hours. The precipitate is filtered through a gooch crucible and washed with hot distilled water for several times  to remove chlorides and dried  to constant weight at 105^C.

CALCULATION

Strength of Sodium sulfate   = (608.6 X Wt. of the precipitate) / 8

        STRENGTH OF SODIUM SILICATE

BURETTE

0.1 N Hydrochloric acid

SAMPLE PREPARAT

  • Take 2gm of sodium silicate dissolved  In 250 ml  distilled water

CONICAL FLASK

  • 25 ml  of above diluted sample
  • 2-3 drops of Methyl orange indicator

TITRATION

0.1 N Hydrochloric acid Vs Dilute sodium silicate

ENDPOINT

Appearance of red orange

  • Then the solution in the conical flask is treated with 5 ml of concentrated Hydrochloric acid and is evaporated to dryness.
  • The residue is again treated with 5 ml of concentrated Hydrochloric acid and once again evaporated to dryness.
  • This residue is filtered through a What Mann No .40 filter paper and washed with hot distilled water for several times to remove soluble impurities.
  • Then the filter paper is ignited in a weighed silica crucible . After ignited

STRENGTH OF SODIUM  SULFIDE

SAMPLE PREPARATION

  • Take 2gm of sodium sulfide dissolved  In 250 ml  distilled water

SAMPLE -A

In a 250 ml beaker 25 ml of diluted sample and 25 ml of 20 % Zinc sulfate solution are taken. The mix is stirred well. The precipitate is filtered through a filter paper and the filtrate is collected in a conical flask. The precipitate is washed with water and the washings are also added to the conical flask.

TITRATION

 

 

S.NO

 

 

 

SAMPLE

 

 

SAMPLE – A

 

 

Burette

 

 

0.1 N Iodine solution

 

 

 

0.1 N Iodine solution

 

 

 

Conical flask

 

 

25 ml diluted sample

 

 

Sample – A

 

 

Titration

 

 

Titrate  up to the appearance of light yellow

 

 

Titrate  up to the appearance of light yellow

 

 

Indicator

 

 

Add starch- blue color appears

 

 

Add starch- blue color appears

 

 

 

Titration

 

 

Continue with 0.1 N Iodine solution

 

 

 

 

Continue with 0.1 N Iodine solution

 

 

 

 

End point

 

 

Disappearance of blue color

 

 

Disappearance of blue color

 

 

 

Titration value

 

 

A

 

 

B

 

CALCULATION

Strength of Sodium bi sulfite =    (3.903 X (A – B))/2

STRENGTH OF SODIUM ACETATE

 BURETTE

0.1 N Hydrochloric acid.

SAMPLE PREPARATION

  • Take 5gm of Sodium acetate
  • CONICAL FLASK
  • 25 ml of above diluted sample
  • 3 drops Methyl Orange indicator
  • The solution turns Golden yellow

TITRATION

0.1N Hydrochloric acid Vs Dilute sodium acetate

ENDPOINT

Appearance of Red Orange color

CALCULATION

Strength of Sodium acetate    =     Titrate value x 0.1 x 136x 250 x 100

                                                          Weight of CH3COONa.3H2O x 25 x 1000                                                                                            

=    (Titrate value x 0.1 x 136) / 5

=    (Titrate value x13.6) / 5

=    Titrate value x   2.72                                                 

STRENGTH OF ALUMINIUM SULFATE

SAMPLE PREPARATION

  • Take 10gm of sodium sulfate dissolved  In 250 ml  distilled water

PROCEDURE

In a clean 500 ml beaker 25 ml of diluted sample and 50 ml of 10 % Ammonium chloride solution, 150 ml of distilled water and 2 drops of methyl red indicator solution are added. The solution is heated just to boiling and 10% ammonium liquor solution is added till the color changed to distinct yellow. After again boiling for 2 min, the precipitate of aluminium

hydroxide is filtered when hot , washed with hot ammonium nitrate solution and ignited in a muffle furnace  to constant weight in a porcelain crucible . the ash is cooled in a desiccators and weighed.

CALCULATION

Strength of aluminum sulfate   = (6537 X Wt. of the Ash) / 10

 STRENGTH OF SODIUM NITRITE

BURETTE

0.1 N Potassium permanganate

SAMPLE PREPARATION

  • Take 2 gm of NaNO2 dissolved  In 250 ml  distilled water

CONICAL FLASK

  • 25 ml of above diluted sample
  • 20 ml of 2N Sulfuric acid
  • Heat up to 60 ^ C

TITRATION

0.1 N Potassium permanganate Vs Dilute sodium nitrite

ENDPOINT

Appearance of pink color

CALCULATION

Strength of sodium nitrite                 =    Titrate value x 0.1 x 34.51x 250 x 100

                                                                       Weight of NaNO2x 25 x 1000                                                                                                   

                                                             =    (Titrate value x 0.1 x 34.51)/ 2

=    (Titrate value x 3.451) / 2

=    Titrate value x 1.7255