Main use of Flash mixer
- To dose the polymer
- To mix the treated effluent after EC with polymer
- To increase the fast settlement in HRSCC
- To remove the Hydrogen (H2) gas this is released from EC process due to reaction.
- To increase flock size to bigger
STRENGTH OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID
BURETTE
0.1 N Sodium hydroxide solution
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Take 10 gm of HCl in standard flask and make up to 500 ml using neutral water
CONICAL FLASK
- 10ml of above diluted sample
- 2-3drops Phenolphthalein indicator
TITRATION
0.1N Sodium hydroxide Vs Dilute hydrochloric acid
ENDPOINT
Appearance of pink color
CALCULATION
Strength of Hydrochloric acid = Titrate value x 0.1 x 36.47 x500 x 100
Weight of HCL x 10 x 1000
= Titrate value x 1.82 %
STRENGTH OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE
BURETTE
0.1 N Hydrochloric acid.
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Take 2 gm of caustic dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
CONICAL FLASK
- 25 ml of above diluted sample
- 2-3drops Phenolphthalein indicator
- The solution turns pink
TITRATION
0.1N Hydrochloric acid Vs Dilute sodium hydroxide
ENDPOINT
Disappearance of pink color
CALCULATION
Strength of Sodium hydroxide = Titrate value x 0.1 x 40 x 250 x 100
Weight of NaoH x 25 x 1000
= (Titrate value x 0.1 x 40) / 2
= (Titrate value x 4) / 2
= Titrate value x 2
STRENGTH OF SODIUM CARBONATE
BURETTE
0.1 N Hydrochloric acid.
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Take 2 gm of Soda ash dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
CONICAL FLASK
- 5 ml of above diluted sample
- 2-3 drops Methyl Orange indicator
- The solution turns Golden yellow
TITRATION
0.1N hydrochloric acid Vs Dilute sodium carbonate
ENDPOINT
Appearance of Red Orange color
CALCULATION
Strength of Sodium carbonate = Titrate value x 0.1 x 53 x 250 x 100
Weight of Na2CO3 x 25 x 1000
= (Titrate value x 0.1 x 53) / 2
= (Titrate value x5.3) / 2
= Titrate value x 2.65
STRENGTH OF ACETIC ACID
BURETTE
0.1 N Sodium Hydroxide
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Take 2 gm of Acetic acid dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
CONICAL FLASK
- 25 ml of above diluted sample
- 2-3 drops Phenolphthalein indicator
- No color change
TITRATION
0.1N Sodium hydroxide Vs Dilute acetic acid
ENDPOINT
Appearance of pink color
CALCULATION
Strength of Acetic acid = Titrate value x 0.1 x 60 x 250 x 100
Weight of CH3COOHx 25 x 1000
= (Titrate value x 0.1 x 60) / 2
= (Titrate value x 6) / 2
= Titrate value x 3
STRENGTH OF SULFURIC ACID
BURETTE
0.1 N Sodium hydroxide
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Take 2 gm of Sulfuric acid dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
CONICAL FLASK
- 25 ml of above diluted sample
- 2-3 drops Phenolphthalein indicator
- No color change
TITRATION
0.1N Sodium hydroxide Vs Dilute sulfuric acid
ENDPOINT
Appearance of pink color
CALCULATION
Strength of Sulfuric acid = Titrate value x 0.1 x 49 x 250 x 100
Weight of H2SO4 x 25 x 1000
= (Titrate value x 0.1 x 49 / 2
= (Titrate value x 4.9) / 2
= Titrate value x 2.45
STRENGTH OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
BURETTE
0.1 N Potassium permanganate
SAMPLE PREPARATION
- Take 5 gm of H2O2 dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
CONICAL FLASK
- 25 ml of above diluted sample
- 20 ml of 2N Sulfuric acid
- 30 ml of distilled water
TITRATION
0.1 N Potassium permanganate Vs Dilute hydrogen peroxide
ENDPOINT
Appearance of pink color
CALCULATION
Strength of Hydrogen peroxide = Titrate value x 0.1 x 17x 250 x 100
Weight of H2O2 x 25 x 1000
= (Titrate value x 0.1 x 17)/ 5
= (Titrate value x 1.7) / 5
= Titrate value x 0.34
STRENGTH OF SODIUM BI SULFITE
SAMPLE PREPARATION
- Take 2gm of sodium bi sulfite dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
TITRATION
|
S.NO
|
BLANK |
SAMPLE |
|
Burette |
0.1 N Sodium thio sulfate
|
0.1 N Sodium thio sulfate |
|
Conical flask |
25 ml distilled water + 50 ml iodine solution |
25 ml diluted sample + 50 ml iodine solution |
|
Titration |
Titrate up to the appearance of light yellow |
Titrate up to the appearance of light yellow |
|
Indicator |
Add starch- blue color appears |
Add starch- blue color appears
|
|
Titration |
Continue with 0.1 N Sodium thio sulfate
|
Continue with 0.1 N Sodium thio sulfate
|
|
End point |
Disappearance of blue color |
Disappearance of blue color
|
|
Titration value |
A |
B
|
CALCULATION
Strength of Sodium bi sulfite = 5.205 X (A – B)
2
= 2.602 X (A – B)
STRENGTH OF SODIUM SULFATE
SAMPLE PREPARATION
- Take 8gm of sodium sulfate dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
ROCEDURE
In a clean 250 ml beaker 25 ml of diluted sample and 5 ml of Hydrochloric acid is added and
mix properly. Then 25 ml of 10% Barium chloride solution is added with stirring . The solution is boiled with 50 ml of distilled water for 15 min and kept for at least 6 hours. The precipitate is filtered through a gooch crucible and washed with hot distilled water for several times to remove chlorides and dried to constant weight at 105^C.
CALCULATION
Strength of Sodium sulfate = (608.6 X Wt. of the precipitate) / 8
STRENGTH OF SODIUM SILICATE
BURETTE
0.1 N Hydrochloric acid
SAMPLE PREPARAT
- Take 2gm of sodium silicate dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
CONICAL FLASK
- 25 ml of above diluted sample
- 2-3 drops of Methyl orange indicator
TITRATION
0.1 N Hydrochloric acid Vs Dilute sodium silicate
ENDPOINT
Appearance of red orange
- Then the solution in the conical flask is treated with 5 ml of concentrated Hydrochloric acid and is evaporated to dryness.
- The residue is again treated with 5 ml of concentrated Hydrochloric acid and once again evaporated to dryness.
- This residue is filtered through a What Mann No .40 filter paper and washed with hot distilled water for several times to remove soluble impurities.
- Then the filter paper is ignited in a weighed silica crucible . After ignited
STRENGTH OF SODIUM SULFIDE
SAMPLE PREPARATION
- Take 2gm of sodium sulfide dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
SAMPLE -A
In a 250 ml beaker 25 ml of diluted sample and 25 ml of 20 % Zinc sulfate solution are taken. The mix is stirred well. The precipitate is filtered through a filter paper and the filtrate is collected in a conical flask. The precipitate is washed with water and the washings are also added to the conical flask.
TITRATION
|
S.NO
|
SAMPLE |
SAMPLE – A |
|
Burette |
0.1 N Iodine solution
|
0.1 N Iodine solution
|
|
Conical flask |
25 ml diluted sample |
Sample – A |
|
Titration |
Titrate up to the appearance of light yellow |
Titrate up to the appearance of light yellow |
|
Indicator |
Add starch- blue color appears |
Add starch- blue color appears
|
|
Titration |
Continue with 0.1 N Iodine solution
|
Continue with 0.1 N Iodine solution
|
|
End point |
Disappearance of blue color |
Disappearance of blue color
|
|
Titration value |
A |
B
|
CALCULATION
Strength of Sodium bi sulfite = (3.903 X (A – B))/2
STRENGTH OF SODIUM ACETATE
BURETTE
0.1 N Hydrochloric acid.
SAMPLE PREPARATION
- Take 5gm of Sodium acetate
- CONICAL FLASK
- 25 ml of above diluted sample
- 3 drops Methyl Orange indicator
- The solution turns Golden yellow
TITRATION
0.1N Hydrochloric acid Vs Dilute sodium acetate
ENDPOINT
Appearance of Red Orange color
CALCULATION
Strength of Sodium acetate = Titrate value x 0.1 x 136x 250 x 100
Weight of CH3COONa.3H2O x 25 x 1000
= (Titrate value x 0.1 x 136) / 5
= (Titrate value x13.6) / 5
= Titrate value x 2.72
STRENGTH OF ALUMINIUM SULFATE
SAMPLE PREPARATION
- Take 10gm of sodium sulfate dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
PROCEDURE
In a clean 500 ml beaker 25 ml of diluted sample and 50 ml of 10 % Ammonium chloride solution, 150 ml of distilled water and 2 drops of methyl red indicator solution are added. The solution is heated just to boiling and 10% ammonium liquor solution is added till the color changed to distinct yellow. After again boiling for 2 min, the precipitate of aluminium
hydroxide is filtered when hot , washed with hot ammonium nitrate solution and ignited in a muffle furnace to constant weight in a porcelain crucible . the ash is cooled in a desiccators and weighed.
CALCULATION
Strength of aluminum sulfate = (6537 X Wt. of the Ash) / 10
STRENGTH OF SODIUM NITRITE
BURETTE
0.1 N Potassium permanganate
SAMPLE PREPARATION
- Take 2 gm of NaNO2 dissolved In 250 ml distilled water
CONICAL FLASK
- 25 ml of above diluted sample
- 20 ml of 2N Sulfuric acid
- Heat up to 60 ^ C
TITRATION
0.1 N Potassium permanganate Vs Dilute sodium nitrite
ENDPOINT
Appearance of pink color
CALCULATION
Strength of sodium nitrite = Titrate value x 0.1 x 34.51x 250 x 100
Weight of NaNO2x 25 x 1000
= (Titrate value x 0.1 x 34.51)/ 2
= (Titrate value x 3.451) / 2
= Titrate value x 1.7255
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