What is Rapier Loom Weaving Machine of Textile Industry?
Rapier Loom is Rapier Weaving Machine
Rapier loom making a loom in weaving machine using rapier which is flexible for carrying the weft yarn across through the shed. After reaching the destination, the rapier head returns empty to pick up the next weft yarn. One side of a rapier machine, a rod or steel tape, carries the weft yarn for making a loom. The other side of the rapier is connected to the control system.
Types of looms for Textile Weaving
There are two different types of Rapier Loom for textile weaving–
- Single Rapier Machines for textile weaving
- Double Rapier Machines for textile weaving [2]
Single Rapier Machines
A single rapier use rigid rapier. The rigid rapier is metal with a circular cross section.
The rapier enters the shed from one side, picks up the tip of the installing yarn on the other side which passes it across the power loom width during retracting. As a result, a single rapier carries the yarn in one way. [2]
Double Rapier Machines
There are two rapiers use in these machines where one rapier called the giver that takes the filling yarn from the yarn on one side of the loom, brings it to the middle of the machine and shift it to the second rapier which is called the taker. The taker retards and brings the filling yarn to the another side.[2]
Specifications of Rapier Weaving Machine
Specification of rapier weaving machine is given below –
| [label type=”label” title=”Specifications Name“] | [label type=”label” title=”Specifications Value“] |
| Product Category | Weaving machine |
| Machine Category | Loom rapier weaving machine |
| Product Name | Rapier Loom Machine |
| Product Model | According to Manufacturer |
| Product Class | New |
| Origin | China/India/Others |
| Brand/Manufacturer | Name of Manufacturer |
| Agent In Bangladesh | No/Yes |
| Power | 1.5~2.2kw |
| Temperature | Normal |
| Certification | SGS/Others |
| Production Capacity | 100 Set/Sets per Month |
| Fidder | 6/8 |
| Droppers | 10000pcs |
| Work Width | 2300 (mm) |
| Warp Beam Diameter | 600mm |
| Drum Diameter | 300mm |
| Maximum Speed | 280rpm |
| Weft Insertion | 160-180m/min |
| Color Selection | 6 color |
| Spindle Number | 392 |
| Heald Frame | 14 |
| Motor Power | 1.5 /2.0 Kw |
| Dimension | 4450*2300*3100mm |
| Weight | 3600kg |
| Description | The rapier transfer box build with the most helix gears is stable and dependable. Rear beam tension structure is used to balance tension of warp for high density fabrics |
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Weaving fabric Defect Manual
There are obviously many other problems that one may encounter during the course of weaving fabric production. However, what were discussed here are considered to be the most common problems or defects that can appear on the weaving fabric .
The explanations and definitions are stated in a general form. But if required, additional expansive and detailed information is available.
It is important to realize that in order to be able to effectively deal with weaving fabric defects, the ability to identify and establish the causes is the first step in determining the corrective or preventive actions.
It is, therefore, essential for the quality control personnel in any weaving fabric producing facility to be mindful, aware and have a complete understanding of the possible problems that might arise.
The quality control procedures must be designed and used first as prevention tools and then, if required, be utilized to correct the defects.
| Defect | Requirement |
| Barre | In weaving knits, patterned unevenness of appearance in the course or widthwise direction of a weaving fabric |
| Bad Place | In wovens, localized places where the weave has been severely disrupted |
| Bias | In wovens, where the filling textile yarns are off-square to the warp ends, in weaving knits, where the course are off-square to the wales |
| Birdseye | In weaving knits, the occasional and erratic appearance of tucked stitches contrary to the design of the weaving fabric |
| Bow | In wovens, where the filling textile yarns lie in an arc across the width of the weaving fabric , in weaving knits, where the courses lie in an arc across the width of the weaving fabric |
| Broken End | Where a wrap textile yarn has ruptured and been repaired |
| Broken Colour Pattern | In wovens, a break in the continuity of design. In weaving knits, the result of a mistake in creeling |
| Broken Pick | Where a filling break leaves a pick missing for a portion of the width of the weaving fabric |
| Bruise | Where the textile yarn being woven or the weaving fabric after being woven has been scuffed so as t o disorient the fiber and result in a fuzzy appearance |
| Burl Mark | A distortion resulting from some superfluous material being removed with a burling tool |
| Buttonhole Selvage | A selvage defect caused by excessive tension buildup in the shuttle just before filling change. Resulting in a defect resembling a buttonhole |
| Chafed Textile yarn | Textile yarn that has been scuffed by a abrasion, disorienting the fiber and leaving the textile yarn fuzzy |
| Chopped Filling | An unevenness in the filling direction characterized by a distinct or measured pattern |
| Clip Mark | An undyed place resulting from a metal clip being used on edge of a weaving fabric to prevent or correct a selvage turndown during dyeing |
| Coarse End | An end whose diameter is noticeably greater than that normal to the weaving fabric |
| Coarse Pick | A pick of filling whose diameter is noticeably greater than that normal to the weaving fabric |
| Coarse Textile yarn | A textile yarn whose diameter is noticeably greater than that normal to the weaving fabric |
| Cockled Weaving fabric | In weaving knits, crinkled, shriveled or ridgy weaving fabric that will not lie flat on the cutting table. |
| Cockled Textile yarn | A textile yarn in which some fiber appear wild or tightly curled and disoriented. |
| Colour Fly | Fiber of a different colour appearing in a textile yarn or weaving fabric as contamination |
| Colour Out | In print , when colour paste runs low in the reservoir resulting in blank skips in the print pattern |
| Colour Smear | In print , when the colour is smeared, distorting the pattern |
| Compactor Crease | In weaving knits, hardset creases resulting from the introduction of wrinkled weaving fabric into the shrinkage control and stabilization process |
| Corrugation | A washboard effect resulting from a malfunctioning sanforizer blanket |
| Cover | The face of a weaving fabric in relation to amount of warp of filling show |
| Crease | A place where a weaving fabric has been folder on itself under pressure |
| Crease Streak | The visual after-effect of a crease occurring during the dyeing or finishing processes |
| Damaged | The Condition of a weaving fabric rendered unusable for this intended use |
| Doctor Streak | In prints, a narrow, oscillation length-wise streak |
| Double End | Two ends where only one is called for by the design of the weaving fabric |
| Double Pick | Two Picks in a single shed where only one is called for by the design of the weaving fabric |
| Doubling | A filling textile yarn twice the normal size due to two ends of roving running together into a single end of spinning |
| Drawback | A defect resulting from excessive tension gradually applied to a number of warp textile yarns by some abnormal restriction |
| Dropped Pick | This is the result of the filling insertion mechanism on a shuttleless rapier loom not holding and releasing the filling textile yarn too soon |
| Dropped Stitch | In weaving knits, where a stitch has not formed due to malfunction of a loom needle |
| Dye Streak in Print | Streaks related to dyestuff, if application to, or absorption by the weaving fabric |
| End Out | A missing warp textile yarn |
| Filling Band | A visually perceptible band across the width of the weaving fabric directly attributable to a difference in the chemical or physical characteristics of the filling |
| Filling Floats | Picks of filling extending unbound over or under warp ends with which they should have been interlaced |
| Fine End | An end whose diameter is noticeably smaller than that normal to the weaving fabric |
| Fine Pick | A pick of filling whose diameter is noticeably smaller than that normal to the weaving fabric |
| Fine Textile yarn | In weaving knits, a textile yarn whose diameter is noticeably smaller than that normal to the weaving fabric |
| Flat | A misdraw in a plain weave resulting in two ends weaving as one and opposing two other ends weaving as one |
| Float | A thread extending unbound over or under threads of the opposite textile yarn system with which it should have been interlaced |
| Foreign Fiber | Fiber, other than that common to a weaving fabric , existing as contamination, |
| Fuzz Balls | Balls of fiber encircling the warp textile yarn formed by the abrasion of the rapier loom |
| Gout | An accumulation of short fiber or fly spun knot the textile yarn or drawn into the rapier loom shed |
| Halo | A light place encircling a defect resulting from dye migration to the defect during drying |
| Hang Pick | A pick of filling hanging for a split second on a warp knot or other protrusion until freed by the stroke of the reed |
| Hang Thread | A thread left hanging on the face of a weaving fabric |
| Hard Size | A place in a weaving fabric characterized by a harsh, stiff hand and cloudy, uneven appearance |
| Harness Balk | An isolated failure of a rapier loom harness to move in its prescribed sequence |
| Harness Breakdown | A place where a harness ceases to function |
| Harness Misdraw | Where one of more ends are drawn through the harness contrary to the design of the weave |
| Hole | Self Descriptive |
| Jerk-in | An extra pieced of filling textile yarn jerked by the shuttle into the weaving fabric along with a regular pick of filling |
| Kinky Filling | A place in a weaving fabric where a pick of filling has been given enough slack to twist on itself for a short distance |
| Knot | A place where two ends of textile yarn have been tied together |
| Rapier loom Bar | A change in shade across the width of a weaving fabric |
| Rapier loom Waste | A place in a weaving fabric where accumulated waste off the rapier loom has found its way into the weaving fabric either by air current or rapier loom shuttle |
| Loopy Filling | A pick of filling hanging for a split second on a warp knot or other protrusion until freed by the stroke of the reed |
| Loose Course | In weaving knits, a course whose loops are more extended than normal |
| Weaving machine Stop | Visible evidence of a weaving fabric having been stopped in some weaving machine during the dyeing and finishing process. |
| Mat-up | A place where the warp textile yarns have become entangled so as to disrupt the proper interlacing of warp and filling |
| Misdraw(Harness) | Where one or more ends are drawn through the harness contrary to the design of the weave |
| Misdraw(Reed) | Where one or more ends are drawn through the reed contrary to the design |
| Misdraw(Colour ) | In wovens, the drawing of colour ed textile yarns through the rapier loom harness contrary to the colour pattern and/ or weave design. |
| Mispick | Where the weave design is broken by the absence of a pick of filling |
| Missing Textile yarn | In weaving knits, the absence of a textile yarn |
| Miss-selection | In weaving knits, where the design is corrupted by the random dropping of stitches |
| Mixed Filling | A visible widthwise band resulting from filling that differs from that normal to the weaving fabric |
| Mixed Textile yarn | Textile yarn that is alien to a weaving fabric because of its peculiar chemical or physical characteristics |
| Mottled | A term used to describe a blotch or spotty appearance |
| Loom needle Line | In weaving knits, a vertical crack resulting from a bent loom needle |
| Neppiness | An excessive amount of tangled masses of fiber (neps) appearing on the face of a weaving fabric |
| Open Reed | A defect resulting from defect resulting from a bent reed wire, characterized by a fine-lined thin place in the warp direction |
| Out of Register | In print , pattern distortion due to the lack of synchronization of the print rolls |
| Overshot | A pick of filling deflected from its normal path through the shed and extending unbound over warp ends with |
| Pattern Defect | In wovens, the formation of interlaces or the insertion of colour contrary to the design of the weaving fabric |
| Pin Holes | These are holes common to a weaving fabric run over a pin-tenter and become a defect when they venture too far in from the selvage and enlarge to tear |
| Press Off | In weaving knits, a condition where the weaving fabric fails to knit and either falls off the weaving machine or the design is completely disrupter and destroyed |
| Pucker | A warpwise distortion resulting from uneven wetting out during sanforization |
| Reed Misdraw | Where one or more ends are drawn through the reed contrary to design |
| Reed Mark | A defect resulting from a bent reed wire, characterized by a fine-lined thin place in the warp direction |
| Reedy | A condition characterized by open streaks following the pattern of the reed wires |
| Rough | A term used to describe a rough or crinkled appearance |
| Run | In weaving knits, a vertical line of unformed stitches resulting from a broken loom needle or jack |
| Sanforize Corrugation | A washboard effect resulting from a malfunctioning sanforizer blanket |
| Sanforize Pucker | A warpwise distortion resulting from uneven wetting out during sanforization |
| Sanforize Roughness | A term used to describe a rough or crinkled appearance |
| Scrimp | A defect resulting from a weaving fabric being printed in a folded or creased condition |
| Seam Impression | The imprint of a seam made under pressure |
| Selvage (Beaded) | A term used to describe a selvage that has concentration of ends drawn together forming a cord or bead |
| Selvage (Scalloped) | An unevenness characterized by a regularity of ins and outs |
| Selvage (Slack or Wavy) | The condition where the edge of a weaving fabric is longer than the center |
| Selvage (Tight) | The condition where the selvages of a weaving fabric are shorter than the center |
| Selvage (Turndown) | A place where a selvage folds on itself and runs through squeeze rolls setting the fold |
| Shade Bar | A distinct shade change of short duration across the width of the weaving fabric |
| Shade Change | A term used to describe a general change in shade, either abrupt or gradual, that is not confined to, or cannot be described as, shade-bars |
| Shade (Cross) | Where there is a noticeable shade difference from one side of a weaving fabric to the other |
| Shade (Side to Center) | Where there is a noticeable shade difference from the side of a weaving fabric to the center |
| Shed-splitting | A term used to describe multiple textile yarn floats |
| Shuttle Mark | A fine line parallel to the filling |
| Singling | A single textile yarn appearing in a plied-textile yarn weaving fabric |
| Skew | In wovens, where the filling textile yarns are off square to the warp ends, in weaving knits, where the courses are off square to the wales |
| Skip stitch | In weaving knits, the wrong formation of the knit design |
| Slack End | The result of a loose or broken end puckering as it is gradually woven into a weaving fabric |
| Slack Warp | A weaving fabric woven with less than required tension |
| Sloughed Filling | A defect caused by extra winds of filling slipping from the bobbin and being woven into the weaving fabric |
| Slub | A term used to describe a short thick place in a textile yarn |
| Slubby Filling | A bobbin of filing containing numerous slubs |
| Sluggy Filling | A bobbin of filling containing numerous gouts or slugs of waste fiber |
| Smash | A place in a weaving fabric where a large number of wrap ends have been ruptured and repaired |
| Snap | In print , the result of a hard particle becoming lodged under a doctor blade, holding the blade from the engraved roll, allowing colour to escape on either side of the particle |
| Soiled End | A warp textile yarn that has been soiled by grease or dirt |
| Soiling Filling | Filling textile yarn that has been soiled by grease or dirt |
| Spot | A discolour ed place or stain on a weaving fabric |
| Stop Mark | In wovens, a defect resulting from the warp textile yarn elongation under tension while a rapier loom is stopped. In weaving knits, a similar distortion resulting from the relaxation of the textile yarns during a weaving machine stop |
| Straying End | In warp weaving knits, the result of a broken end straying out of position and being knitted in a irregular manner into the weaving fabric as the weaving machine continues to run |
| Streak | See crease, reed, dye |
| Temple Bruise | A streak along the edge of a weaving fabric that has been scuffed and/or distorted by a damaged malfunctioning of poorly set temple |
| Thick Place | A place across the width containing more picks or heavier filling than that normal to the weaving fabric |
| Thin Place | A place across the width containing less picks or lighter filling than that normal to the weaving fabric |
| Tight End | In wovens, an end running taut due to some abnormal restriction. In warp weaving knits, a tight end will cause a fine lined, length or warpwise distortion in the weaving fabric |
| Trapped Shuttle | The effect is that of distorting the weaving fabric and stretching the textile yarn |
| Tucking Defect | In weaving knits, when the tuck stitch is unintentional and contrary to the design of the weaving fabric |
| Undershot | A pick of filling deflected from its normal path through the shed and extending unbound over warp ends with which it should have been interlaced |
| Uneven Filling | A filling whose variation of diameter is noticeable enough to detract from the appearance of a weaving fabric |
| Warp Float | A warp end extending unbound over or under picks with which it should have interlaced |
| Wavy Cloth | A term to used describe cloth woven under conditions of varying tension |
| Wavy Selvage | (see selvage) |
| Wild Filling | A piece of loose or stray textile yarn jerked into the shed along with a regular pick of filling |
Features of High Speed Rapier Loom
The features of high speed rapier loom is stated below –
- Weft insertion of the high speed rapier loom system is joint with air jet picking system,
- Gabler system rapier may be single sided or double sided for power loom,
- The machine include on gabler system Draper DSL,Gusken etc which is operating on dewas system include dornier, Gunne, Smit, picanol, Novo pignon SACM , Sommet, Sulzer-Ruti etc,
- Mechanism as insertion of double pick to how to make a loom,
- Mechanism as insertion of single pick to know how to make a loom,
- An valuable feature of high speed rapier loom an industrial machinery is that it works simultaneously inserted in two sheds one above the other for making double plush and certain carpets. [2]