Yarn Twist Tester

Yarn Twist tester is used to determine the amount of twist (TPI/TPM) in yarn.

Specification of Yarn Twist Tester

• Product Category: Yarn shrinkage
• Machine Category: Yarn Tester
• Product Name: Twist tester
• Product Model: According to Manufacturer
• Product Class: New
• Origin: Made in China
• Brand/ Manufacturer: F-G-BODE & CO
• Agent in Bangladesh:No/Yes
• Power: 380v
• Temperature:Normal
• Certification:SGS/Others
• Production Capacity:NA

Blow room of Yarn

• If micronaire is low, blow room process parameters become very critical like speed frame process.
• It is better to do a perfect pre-opening & reduce beater speeds in fine opening. If required one more fine opener is used with as low as beater speed, instead of using very high speed in only one fine opener.
• If micronaire is lower than 3.8, it is not advisable to use machines like CVT4 or CVT3.
• Neps increase in cotton after blow room process  should be less than 80%.(i.e 180% of raw cotton neps)
• If neps increase is more, then beater speeds should be reduced instead of feed roller to beater setting.
• If trash% in cotton is less & neps are more in sliver, no of beating points are reduced. 3 beating points should be more than enough.
• Variation in feed roller speed should be as low as possible especially in feeding machine.
• Beater types & specification should be selected properly based on beater’s positions & type of raw material (fibre mike & trash %).
• The material pressure in ducts should be as high as possible to reduce feeding variation to cards.
• Feed rollers in chute should work continuously without more speed variation if pressure filling concept is used. (i.e.  Balancing of chute should be done properly). For others, feed roller should work at maximum speed for a longer time.
• Material density between different chutes should be same & difference should not be more than 7%.
• Duct pressure difference should not be more than 40 Pascal’s in chute feed system.
• Air loss should be avoided in chute feed system, to reduce fan speed & material velocity.
• Blow room feeding should be set in such a way that draft in cards is same for all cards & variation in feed density is as low as possible.
• Fibre rupture in blow room should be less than 2.5%

Available testing facilities in LAB :

• Yarn testing facilities:

1. Yarn count test:
2. Yarn twist test:
3. Yarn appearance test:

• Finish fabric’s testing facilities:

1. a) Pilling test           : Testing Method: ISO-12945-1:(2000) E
2. b) Colour Fastness to Rubbing Test       : Testing Method: ISO 105X12: 1995
3. c) Colour Fastness to Perspiration Test : Testing Method: ISO 105-E04: 1994(E)
4. d) Colour Fastness To Washing : Testing Method: ISO 105-C06:(1994) E
5. e) Dimensional Stability To Washing: Testing Method: BS EN 26330

2A/3A/4A/5A/6A

1. f) Spirality Test         : Testing Method:
2. g) Colour Deviation Report: CMC 2:1 (using by spectrophotometer, Model                       Spectraflash 600 PLUS-CT)

Also we’ve tested TC or CVC fabrics, using by 70% Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄).

3) Check up the strength of the basic chemical:

1. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂):

1. Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH):
2. Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃):
3. Caustic Soda (NaOH):
4. Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄):
5. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl):

Some M/C Problem of Finishing Department

M/C Name: Dewater

Problem:

1. Camera Problem at Stretcher.
2. Ring wheel movement problem.
3. Folder adjustment problem.
4. Round table problem.

M/C Name: Slitting

Problem:

1. Automation problem of Round Table.
2. Automation problem of De-twister.
3. Camera light problem
4. Automatic camera problem.
5. Overfeed switch problem.

M/C Name: Santex Dryer.

Problem:

1. M/C doesn’t start at first time after cleaning 1^st
2. Front camera problem.
3. Exhaust fan problem.

M/C Name: Unitech Dryer

Problem:

1. 1^st burner doesn’t show the actual temperature.
2. 2^nd burner doesn’t show the temperature.
3. M/C becomes stop if it run with minimum speed.

M/C Name: Stenter

Problem:

1. Camera problem at MAHLO.
2. Chain Clip Problem.
3. 3 no burner problem.

M/C Name: Open Compactor

Problem:

1. Lower bowing roller problem.
2. Compactor monitor alarm problem.
3. Compactor blower problem.
4. Fabric Speed up-down if m/c run at high speed.
5. Compactor steam main line problem.

M/C Name: Tube Compactor

Problem:

1. Camera problem at lower felt.
2. Compacting vaj creates if m/c stops with alarm.
3. Felt emergency doesn’t work of upper felt.
4. Camera problem at upper felt.
5. Camera problem at Stretcher.
6. Water drop fall from steam box.
7. Some switch doesn’t work at monitor.

Some Fault in Quality

• Joint stitch
• Washing damage
• Fabric fault
• Side seam over lock uneven
• Side seam ok
• Open stitch
• Loop slanting & ok
• Button misplaced
• Waist band width uneven
• Waist band mouth closing ok
• Needle mark
• Pen mark
• Fusing mark
• Pleat at side seam
• Dirty sport
• Broken stitch
• Curve waist band mouth
• Loose tension at embroidery
• Hi-low waist mouth
• Zipper attach waving
• Bartack ok & not ok
• Poor waist band shape
• Waist band shape ok
• Oil mark
• Twisting
• Uncut thread
• Waist band mouth slanted
• Rawedge at mesh at in side garments

Question: How many ways temperature loss from human body?

Ans: Basically, there are four methods of temperature loss from human body. They are-

1. Conduction
2. Transmission or convection
3. Radiation
4. Perspiration

Human body losses temperature constantly by the above mention method and gain temperature from foods, through metabolic activities.

(b) Mention the human body temperature as per medical science.

Ans: As per medical science, human body core temperature should be 37°c and skin temperature should be 33°c to feel comfortable. Skin temperature may vary from place to place of human body e.g lower at lip of place and hands and highest of under arm when body temperature drops. Then skin of hand, leg, body, face etc. starts working to squeeze blood cells to protect loss of body temperature and maintain constant core temperature of body and brain at 37°c.

(c) Show the relation between TOG value and CLO value.

Ans: Loss of heat through the clothing is expressed by thermal resistance and thermal resistance is expressed by TOG value. Higher the TOG value, higher the thermal resistance means lower heat loss.

In America and some other countries thermal resistance is expressed as CLO value. The relation between TOG & CLO can be expressed as follows-

TOG value= CLO 1.55

(d) Describe the measurement of thermal resistance of clothing ( by TOG method)

Ans: Measurement of thermal resistance of clothing is a very complex process. Thermal resistance of clothing is measured by dividing the thickness of clothing by its conductivity and expressed as TOG which is one tenth of such unit. That means 1 mk/watt= 10 TOG. Higher the value of TOG, lower the heat loss through that clothing. The TOG value and CLO is related as per following equation:

TOG= CLO value 1.55

To measure the thermal resistance of clothing, TOG meter is used. With the help of following sketch the method of thermal resistance measurement is explained.

In this m/c, known temperature of heated plate is passed through the reference sample of known thermal resistance and then through the test sample.

The temperature is measured on the top surface of each layer and thermal resistance of the test sample is calculated by using the following equation.

Where, T= Lower surface temperature of reference sample

T₂= Upper surface temperature of reference sample

T₃= Upper surface temperature of test sample

R_s= Thermal resistance of test sample

R_R= Thermal resistance of reference sample

For the above equation except R_s value, all other values are known hence thermal resistance of any clothing can be determined by using TOG meter.

Question: Write down the fabric construction for fiber fire fighting suit.

Ans: The people engaged in fire fighting needs protective clothing which can save their body and life from the affect of flame and heat. It is sometimes observed the fire fighter becomes injured or even died during fitting against fire for this reasons it is necessary for then to use protective clothing during fight against fire.

Fire fighter suit should be made from three ply fabric:

1. Outer ply fabric: Outer ply fabric should be flame retardant. Outer lays fabric may be made from aramid fiber, blend of aramid and Novoloid fibre, flame retardant cotton or woolen fiber.
2. Middle ply fabric: Middle ply fabric should be vapour barrier. It is made of coarse and brushed woolen, works as heat resistant.
3. Inner ply fabric: Inner ply fabric should be thermal barrier. It works as lining made of light weight cotton fabric.

(b) Describe the fabrics/clothing for coal miners.

Ans: Clothing for the coal miners should be having flame resistant property. Fabrics suitable for this purpose has been developed by IJIRA (Indian Jute Industries Research Association). This fabric is made of jute fibers as per ISO specification 4355-1997 and satisfied all requirements.

This types of fabrics are finished with flame retardant finishing agents. The fabric is normally 183 to 274 cm wide, compactly woven and low air permeability property and this fabric is finished with urea phosphate by pad dry cure method.

This above specified fabric is used for making clothing for the coal miners, have been considered save, comfortable and effective.

(c) Show the effect of fabric construction and garments characteristics on thermal protection.

Ans: Fabric construction and fabric weight plays an important role on the effectiveness of clothing used for different purpose. Higher the thickness of clothing higher the protective index. In the following graph the protective index is shown below

From the graph it is clear that for any fixed weight of fabric (gm/m²) the heat protect index incase with the increase of fabric thickness. It is also clear that for any fixed weight of fabric per square meters. Multilayer fabric shows higher protection performance than single layer fabric.

Fabric structure is also related with heat resistant properly of the clothing. For a fixed weight of fabric (gm/m²) satin and twill weave structure shows better heat resistant property than the plain weave fabric.

Yarn construction of the fabric is also related with heat resistant property of the clothing. Clothing made from more twisted yarn shows better heat resistant property than the clothing made from less twist yarn. The reason behind it is that the heat or flame cannot damage the yarn easily made by more twist method.

Dr. William Jons, Textile Technologist, Osaka Textile Division, Germany